20.500.12556/RUL-174954 Odvzem zamrznjenega premoženja fizičnih in pravnih oseb zaradi kršitev omejevalnih ukrepov Evropske unije Confiscation of the Frozen Assets of Natural and Legal Persons Due to the Violation of European Union Restrictive Measures V luči situacije v Ukrajini je Evropska unija (EU) leta 2024 sprejela Direktivo 2024/1226, ki države članice zavezuje, da kršitev omejevalnih ukrepov v nacionalnem pravnem redu opredelijo kot kaznivo dejanje. Poleg tega v primerih kaznivega dejanja izogibanja omejevalnemu ukrepu zamrznitve drugi odstavek 10. člena kot posledico predvideva odvzem sredstev in gospodarskih virov, ki jih je posameznik z namenom prikrivanja uporabil ali prenesel na tretjega, oziroma v zvezi s katerimi je pristojnim organom posredoval napačne ali zavajajoče informacije. Na tej podlagi odvzeto premoženje se skladno z Direktivo 2024/1260 lahko uporabi kot prispevek mehanizmom za podporo Ukrajini in drugim prizadetim državam ter njihovo obnovo. Institut odvzema premoženja v zvezi s kaznivim dejanjem izogibanja, kot posebna oblika odvzema objecta sceleris, predstavlja nov sui generis institut v pravnem redu EU. Kot tak omogoča, da se sankcioniranemu posamezniku zgolj zaradi posredne kršitve omejevalnih ukrepov odvzame celotno premoženje v jurisdikciji EU, kar predstavlja intenziven poseg v pravico do mirnega uživanja premoženja, kot jo opredeljuje prvi člen Protokola št. 1 k Evropski konvenciji o človekovih pravicah (EKČP). Skozi analizo sodne prakse Evropskega sodišča za človekove pravice (ESČP) magistrsko delo ugotavlja, da je nova ureditev lahko skladna z zahtevami EKČP pod pogojem, da je nacionalnemu sodišču v vsakem posameznem primeru dana možnost, da opravi presojo sorazmernosti in concreto ob upoštevanju vseh relevantnih okoliščin ter po potrebi ukrepa odvzema ne izreče oziroma izreče milejše ali alternativne ukrepe. In light of the situation in Ukraine, the European Union (EU) adopted Directive 2024/1226 in 2024, obliging Member States to define the violation of restrictive measures as a criminal offense under their national laws. Furthermore, in cases involving circumvention of restrictive measures relating to asset freeze, the second paragraph of Article 10 presupposes the confiscation of funds and economic resources that the individual used or transferred to a third party in order to conceal them, or in connection with which they submitted false or misleading information to the competent authorities. Confiscated assets on this basis may, in accordance with Directive 2024/1260, be used to contribute to the support mechanism in Ukraine and other affected countries, as well as for their reconstruction. The institution of asset confiscation related to the offense of circumvention, as a form of confiscation of the objecta sceleris, represents a new sui generis instrument within EU law. As such, it enables the confiscation of an individual’s entire assets within EU jurisdiction solely on the basis of an indirect violation of restrictive measures. This constitutes a significant interference with the right to peaceful enjoyment of possessions, as defined by Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Through an analysis of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) case law, the thesis finds that the new legal framework can be compatible with ECHR requirements, but only if the national court is granted the opportunity to assess proportionality in concreto in each individual case, taking into account all relevant circumstances, and – if necessary – refuse to impose confiscation or apply a milder or alternative measure. Direktiva 2024/1226 omejevalni ukrepi EU kršitev omejevalnih ukrepov odvzem premoženja obnova Ukrajine pravica do mirnega uživanja premoženja odvzem objecta sceleris Protokol št. 1 k EKČP Directive 2024/1226 EU restrictive measures violation of restrictive measures asset confiscation reconstruction of Ukraine the right to the peaceful enjoyment of possessions confiscation of objecta sceleris Protocol No. 1 to the ECHR true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2025-10-10 13:42:35 2025-10-10 13:42:44 2025-12-02 04:07:43 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 1970-01-01 131519 251404291 24059.pdf 24059.pdf 1 EFB9A98345DC4A0F3EACFD954E3AE5A5 6ac707ca4716df89f4761d2f428e915d0b0b764e0b7f4f342ef893b00191dc8b 00189b95-a5ce-11f0-9328-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=219864 Pravna fakulteta 0 0 0