20.500.12556/RUL-174667 Electrochemically pretreated graphite:glass thick films for ultra-trace detection of neonicotinoids in surface water and honey Neonicotinoids (NNIs) pose a significant threat to pollinator populations and environmental health due to their widespread use and adverse effects on non-target organisms. Despite regulatory efforts, monitoring of NNIs in natural ecosystems remains challenging. In contrast to conventional chromatographic methods, integrated electrochemical sensors provide a rapid and on-site detection of NNIs. In this study, we report on a novel voltammetric sensor based on the electrochemical pretreatment of an in-house screen-printed graphite:glass electrode for a sensitive and selective detection of clothianidin (CLO), imidacloprid (IMI), and thiamethoxam (TMX). Electrochemical characterization via cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy demonstrated a significant enhancement in electrode performance after the pretreatment, offering strong adsorption properties and detection limits in the nanomolar level, achieving the lowest reported LODs for CLO (26 nmol L$^{−1}$) and IMI (12 nmol L$^{−1}$). For all three NNIs, two linear ranges between 0.5 and 40 μmol L$^{−1}$ were observed, alongside great sensitivity (8.1–13.1 μA μmol$^{−1}$ L, depending on the analyte). Notably, the recoveries obtained for NNIs in surface water and honey samples, ranging from 96.3 % to 107.8 %, indicate its applicability for real-sample and on-field monitoring. Utilizing one-step voltammetric electrode pretreatment and adsorption-based pre-concentration offers a cost-effective, fast, and ultra-sensitive platform, thus addressing a critical need in environmental analysis and pesticide regulation. screen-printed electrode voltammetric sensor neonicotinoids environmental monitoring surface water honey sitotiskana elektroda voltametrični senzor neonikotinoidi okoljski monitoring površinska voda med true false false Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2025-10-08 12:21:29 2025-10-08 12:21:30 2025-11-27 03:30:44 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 10 str. Vol. 50, art. 100890 Dec. 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno apc 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 543.552:661.16 2214-1804 10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100890 252228611 RAZ_Dekleva_Maksimiljan_2025.pdf RAZ_Dekleva_Maksimiljan_2025.pdf 1 D393E198EE4F5022DAD43A489483BFE3 d04af2838e674a7476f8862227e6c754cd62882cc6750752d2fad387f55a86d0 27e2d9b1-a431-11f0-9328-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=219538 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214180425001564 1 53521ac4-a430-11f0-9328-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=219526 Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo 0 0 0