20.500.12556/RUL-173486 Priprava lesa za izdelavo smrekovih skodel Preparation of wood for making spruce schingles V diplomskem delu primerjamo proces priprave lesa za izdelavo smrekovih skodel z običajnim procesom pridobivanja okroglega lesa. Meritve smo izvajali v GGO Kranj, GGE Železniki, v katastrski občini Dražgoše na parceli, ki je v lasti družinske kmetije. V raziskavi smo naredili študijo časa sečnje in spravila lesa za izdelavo smrekovih skodel, izračunali normative sečnje in spravila, izvedli kalkulacijo neposrednih materialnih stroškov sečnje in spravila in ocenili poškodovanost vlake zaradi spravila lesa. V posnetem času, ki je bil dolg 3 ure in 2 minuti je delavec podrl 3 dreves z skupnim volumnom 8,40 m3, od tega je bilo 4,82 m3 primernega za nadaljnjo izdelavo skodel. Med delovnimi operacijami je bilo pri sečnji največ časa porabljenega pri gozdnem redu (25,1 % posnetega časa) in pripravljalnih delih (6,6 %), pri spravilu pa pri rampanju (18,4 %) in pripravljalnih delih na vlaki (20,3 %). Učinkovitost dela glede na porabo časa je pri sečnji znašala 19,30 min/m3 in 10,18 min/m3 pri spravilu lesa, neposredni materialni stroški pa 6,08 EUR/ou in 14,34 EUR/ou. Zaradi spravila lesa je bila globina kolesnic na vlaki na 6,6 % dolžine večja kot 10 cm, na 10,8 % večja kot 5 cm. Največja globina kolesnic je znašala 17 cm, povprečna pa 3,9 cm. V primerjavi z Normativi gozdarskih del (Uredba …, 2013; Uredba…, 2010) je dejanski porabljen čas pri sečnji je za 4,2 min/t, pri spravilu pa za 2 s/t nižji kot izračunan normativ. Neposredni stroški so v primerjavi z dosedanjimi raziskavami pri sečnji višji, predvsem zaradi višjih cen energentov, stroški spravila pa nižji, predvsem zaradi nižje nabavne vrednosti traktorja in rezervnih delov. Poškodovanost vlake je bila glede na izbrana merila sprejemljiva. Ugotovili smo, da se postopek priprave lesa za izdelavo smrekovih skodel bistveno razlikuje od običajnih postopkov, predvsem v strukturi delovnega časa in potrebni povečani pazljivosti z vidika varovanja sestoja in sortimentov pred poškodbami. In this thesis, we compare the process of wood preparation for the production of spruce shingles with the usual forest operation process. The field measurements took place in GGO Kranj, GGE Železniki, KO Dražgoše, on a forest parcel owned by a family farm. The research included a time study of felling and extraction for schingle production, a calculation of direct material costs for both operations, an analysis of skid trail damage caused by extraction and the calculation of standard times. In 3 hours and 2 minutes, three trees (8.401 m3) were felled, of which 4.82 m3 was suitable for shingle production. In felling, the most time was spent on the forest protective measures (25.1 %) and preparatory time (6.6 %), while in extraction, the most time was spent on wood piling (18.4 %) and preparatory work (20.3 %). Actual felling time was 19.30 min/m3, and extraction time was 10.18 min/m3. Material costs amounted to 6.08 EUR/oh (euros per operating hour) for felling and 13.34 EUR/oh for extraction. Due to extraction the rut depth exceeded 10 cm on 6.6 % of the skid length and exceeded 5 cm on 10.8 % of the length. The maximum rut depth measured was 17 cm, and the overall average rut depth was 3.9 cm. Felling time was 4.2 min/m3 shorter than prescribed standard times, while extraction time 9.27 min/t, which is 2 s/t lower than prescribed standard times (Uredba …, 2010; Uredba …, 2013). Material costs in felling were higher than in previous studies, mainly due to higher fuel prices, while in extraction material costs were lower for about 10 EUR/m3 because of lower purchase value of the tractor compared to other studies. The level of skid trail damage, according to the selected criteria, was acceptable. The process of preparing wood for shingle production differs significantly from conventional methods, particularly in work time structure and in the need for increased care to protect the stand and assortments from damage. smrekove skodle sečnja spravilo kalkulacije stroškov poškodovanost tal spruce snhingles felling extraction cost calculation soil damage true false false [M. Lotrič] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2025-09-18 07:16:44 2025-09-18 07:16:49 2025-11-09 04:04:42 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 630*83:630*30(043.2)=163.6 264805 249619715 51323.pdf 51323.pdf 1 E4E54F2E7BDED962F1B7D6F152D85921 6e81732595b1fa457013b70402ccc38addca2925e3b9e3cc3b09840addb1eb9f 80f8c1fb-944e-11f0-9328-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=218001 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0