20.500.12556/RUL-172904 Varstvo pred fitopatogenimi glivami z utišanjem genov preko HIGS in SIGS tehnologije Control of phytopathogenic fungi by gene silencing using HIGS and SIGS technology Ker se populacija prebivalstva letno povečuje in so zahteve po hrani vse večje, pridelavo pa omejujejo abiotski in biotski dejavniki, je potrebno razmisliti o alternativah dosedanjim strategijam varstva rastlin. Čeprav je uporaba fitofarmacevtskih sredstev ena boljših možnosti, pa imajo ti vseeno lahko toksične učinke tako na ljudi kot tudi druge organizme. Zato se vse pogosteje uporabljajo biotehnološki pristopi, med katerimi izstopa obetavna tehnologija RNA interference. To je pojav, ki temelji na specifični razgradnji RNA transkriptov, kar prepreči prevajanje in nastajanje aminokislin. V sklopu RNA interference ločimo dve metodi SIGS in HIGS. SIGS (s škropljenjem inducirano utišanje genov) je metoda varstva, pri kateri se na površje rastlinskega tkiva, kot je list, poprši dvoverižne RNA, ki so komplementarne mRNA ciljnega organizma, kar onemogoči nadaljno translacijo. HIGS (s gostiteljem inducirano utišanje genov) pa je metoda, pri kateri transgena rastlina kot gostitelj sproži izražanje dsRNA in siRNA, ki s pomočjo določenih molekul kot so npr. vezikli, vstopijo v patogeni organizem in se vežejo na ciljno mRNA ter sprožijo njeno razgradnjo. Obe metodi sta primerni za biotično varstvo rastlin pred fitopatogenimi glivami v trajnostnem kmetijstvu. As the human population and food demands increases, also production is limited by abiotic and biotic factors, it is necessary to consider alternatives to current plant protection strategies. Although the use of plant protection products is one of the better options, they can still have toxic effects on humans and other organisms. Therefore, biotechnological approaches are increasingly being used, among which the promising technology of RNA interference stands out. It is a phenomenon based on the specific degradation of RNA transcripts, which prevents translation and the formation of amino acids. Within the framework of RNA interference, two methods are distinguished: SIGS and HIGS. SIGS (Spray - Induced Gene Silencing) is a protection method in which double-stranded RNAs that are complementary to the mRNA of the target organism, are sprayed onto the surface of plant tissue, such as leaf, which prevents further translation. HIGS (Host - Induced Gene Silencing) is a method in which a transgenic plant as a host triggers the expression of dsRNA and siRNA, which with the help of certain molecules, such as vesicles, enter the pathogenic organism and bind to the target mRNA and trigger its degradation. Both methods are suitable for biological control of plants against phytopathogenic fungi in sustainable agriculture. RNA interferenca SIGS HIGS varstvo rastlin fitopatogene glive biopesticidi zakonodaja izzivi trajnostno kmetijstvo RNA interference SIGS HIGS plant protection phytopathogenic fungi biopesticides legislation challenges sustainable agriculture true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2025-09-12 07:18:01 2025-09-12 07:18:03 2025-10-27 03:45:16 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 263648 249043971 51479.pdf 51479.pdf 1 F87633C49E6C062487368A67ED0612F8 e9818915d8da4a707847868c2eb5acde80dea2379646155c2a7b8a29908604c8 b38b9c34-8f97-11f0-9328-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=217037 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0