20.500.12556/RUL-172900 Mehanizmi epigenetike in nedavna odkritja Epigenetic mechanisms and recent discoveries Diplomsko delo obravnava epigenetiko kot ključno plast regulacije genske ekspresije, ki ne vključuje sprememb v zaporedju DNA, a vpliva na razvoj, zdravje in bolezni. Namen raziskave je bil celostno predstaviti glavne epigenetske mehanizme, kot so metilacija DNA, histonske modifikacije in vloga nekodirajočih RNA ter osvetliti njihovo funkcionalno in klinično relevantnost. Posebej je izpostavljena vloga DNA metilacije pri regulaciji izražanja, celični diferenciaciji in boleznih, kjer DNMT1 ohranja metilacijske vzorce, DNMT3A/B pa vzpostavljata novo metilacijo. Med histonskimi modifikacijami so analizirani vzorci acetilacije, metilacije in fosforilacije, ki delujejo kot aktivatorji ali kot represorji transkripcije. Raziskava podrobno predstavi tudi razrede nekodirajočih RNA (miRNA, lncRNA, circRNA), ki s tarčno specifičnostjo usmerjajo epigenetske spremembe. Konkretne ugotovitve vključujejo dokaze o povezanosti epigenetskih nepravilnosti z rakavimi, nevrološkimi, avtoimunimi in presnovnimi boleznimi, kot tudi vpliv meditacije in stresa na epigenetske regulatorje. Sklepno delo poudarja plastičnost epigenoma in njegovo potencialno uporabnost v personalizirani medicini ter terapevtskih pristopih. The thesis addresses epigenetics as a key layer of gene expression regulation that does not involve changes in the DNA sequence but influences development, health, and disease. The aim of the research was to comprehensively present the main epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and the role of non-coding RNAs, and to highlight their functional and clinical relevance. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of DNA methylation in regulating expression, cellular differentiation, and disease, where DNMT1 maintains methylation patterns, while DNMT3A/B establish de novo methylation. Among histone modifications, patterns of acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation are analyzed, acting as either activators or repressors of transcription. The study also provides a detailed overview of classes of non-coding RNAs (miRNA, lncRNA, circRNA), which guide epigenetic changes through target specificity. Concrete findings include evidence of the association between epigenetic abnormalities and cancer, neurological, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases, as well as the influence of meditation and stress on epigenetic regulators. In conclusion, the thesis emphasizes the plasticity of the epigenome and its potential applicability in personalized medicine and therapeutic approaches. epigenetika metilacija histonske modifikacije nekodirajoča RNA acetilacija epigenetics methylation histone modifications noncoding RNA acetylation true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2025-09-12 07:17:51 2025-09-12 07:17:53 2025-10-27 03:44:07 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 263646 249083139 51527.pdf 51527.pdf 1 09C679694A2D5A9EB01BD79172FC53A8 dc25a681eb6ed65a8a7859ab92492468b04db05f383396b9cee84ac4505d4d46 ac4ec461-8f97-11f0-9328-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=217033 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0