20.500.12556/RUL-172878 Epigenetske modifikacije kot prilagoditev rastlin na stres Epigenetic modifications as a mechanism of adaptation of plants to stress Rastline kot statični organizmi uporabljajo genetske in epigenetske mehanizme kot odziv in spopadanje s stresnimi dejavniki, ki lahko izvirajo iz živih organizmov (biotski stres) ali neživih dejavnikov (abiotski stres, npr. suša, slanost, temperaturni ekstremi, težke kovine), ki negativno vplivajo na njihovo rast, razvoj in produktivnost. Kot odziv na te dejavnike aktivirajo različne obrambne mehanizme, med katerimi imajo pomembno vlogo tudi epigenetske modifikacije, ki rastlinam omogočajo prilagoditev na okoljske razmere, ter v določenih primerih tvorijo tudi stresni spomin, ki se lahko prenaša na naslednje generacije. Ključne epigenetske modifikacije so metilacija DNA, modifikacija histonov, remodeliranje kromatina in delovanje malih RNA. Te spremembe uravnavajo izražanje genov, ki sodelujejo pri obrambi, presnovi in rasti rastlin. Napredek v raziskavah epigenetskih mehanizmov prispeva k boljšemu razumevanju odziva rastlin na stres in nudi temelje za razvoj epigenetskega žlahtnjenja, ki omogoča ciljno izboljšanje kmetijsko pomembnih rastlinskih sort za pridobivanje fenotipov, ki so odporni na stresne dejavnike, boljšo rabo vode ter zmanjšanje vpliva stresa na pridelek in kakovost. Hkrati so s tem omogočeni tudi trajnostni pristopi v kmetijstvu ter interakcije rastlin z drugimi organizmi, kar prispeva k ohranjanju biotske raznovrstnosti in okolja. Plants, as static organisms, use genetic and epigenetic mechanisms to respond to and cope with stress factors that may originate from living organisms (biotic stress) or non-living factors (abiotic stress, e.g. drought, salinity, temperature extremes, heavy metals), which negatively affect their growth, development and productivity. In response to these factors, they activate various defense mechanisms, among which epigenetic modifications play an important role, allowing plants to adapt to environmental conditions, and in certain cases they also form a stress memory that can be transmitted to subsequent generations. Key epigenetic modifications are DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling and the function of small RNAs. These changes regulate the expression of genes involved in plant defense, metabolism and growth. Advances in epigenetic mechanisms contribute to a better understanding of plant stress responses and provide a basis for the development of epigenetic breeding, which enables targeted improvement of agriculturally important plant varieties to obtain phenotypes that are resistant to stress factors, improve water use, and reduce the impact of stress on yield and quality. At the same time, it also enables sustainable approaches in agriculture and plant interactions with other organisms, which contributes to the preservation of biodiversity and the environment. epigenetika rastline epigenetske modifikacije stres prilagoditev na stres epigenetics plants epigenetic modifications stress adaptation to stress true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2025-09-12 07:16:21 2025-09-12 07:16:25 2025-10-26 04:01:49 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 263634 248759811 51012.pdf 51012.pdf 1 E97153C5AF791E3931BE3C42B8703699 664df1264f8b75076c99b52d82e0f47871c07a910064bb27c99a72c0715609a3 7a68bd9e-8f97-11f0-9328-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=217011 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0