20.500.12556/RUL-171832 Pregled sestave balzamov za vlaženje ustnic A survey of moisturizing lip balms’ composition Ustrezna navlaženost ustnic je osnova za zagotavljanje njihove optimalne funkcije. Zaradi svoje edinstvene strukture in slabe pregradne funkcije so ustnice podvržene izsušenosti in so dovzetnejše za poškodbe in reakcije na škodljive dražilne dejavnike. Prav zato potrebujejo tudi ustrezno nego. Najbolj pogosto uporabljen kozmetični izdelek za nego ustnic je balzam, ki ga na rdečino ustnic nanašamo večkrat dnevno. V diplomski nalogi smo proučevali sestavo 52 različnih balzamov za vlaženje ustnic. Sestavine smo razdelili na sestavine z vlažilnim delovanjem (primarne kozmetično aktivne sestavine), sekundarne kozmetično aktivne sestavine in pomožne sestavine. Vsaki skupini smo opredelili njihovo delovanje na ustnicah, nato pa podrobneje predstavili najpogosteje uporabljene sestavine. Zanimali so nas tudi podatki o kozmetični obliki, ovojnini in ceni tovrstnih izdelkov. Med sestavinami z vlažilnim delovanjem so bili najštevilčnejši emolienti (93), nato humektanti (18) in okluzivi (8). Najpogosteje uporabljene sestavine so bile karitejevo maslo, ricinusovo olje, čebelji vosek in sončnično olje. Med sekundarnimi kozmetično aktivnimi sestavinami je bilo antioksidantov (11) v primerjavi z ultravijoličnimi filtri (8) več. Največkrat so se pojavili tokoferol, tokoferil acetat in avobenzon. Pomožne sestavine smo razdelili na strukturne sestavine, sestavine za fizikalno-kemijsko uravnavanje, sestavine za mikrobiološko zaščito, sestavine za izboljšanje senzoričnih lastnosti ter sestavine za izboljšanje stanja in videza ustnic. Najpogostejše so bile strukturne sestavine, najmanj zastopana pa je bila skupina sestavin za mikrobiološko zaščito. Nekatere sestavine smo lahko uvrstili v več različnih skupin pomožnih sestavin. Največ pregledanih balzamov je bilo v obliki stika, ki so bili pakirani v vsebnike za stike, saj takšna oblika omogoča najenostavnejši nanos izdelka na ustnice. Iz pridobljenih podatkov smo pri vrednotenju cenovnih razredov ugotovili, da na cene izdelkov vpliva prisotnost različnih vlažil in/ali antioksidantov ter ultravijoličnih filtrov. Najpogosteje zastopana vlažila so se izkazala tudi za cenovno najugodnejša. Na cenovno raznolikost je vplival tudi ugled blagovne znamke. Adequate lip hydration is the basis for ensuring their optimal function. Due to their unique structure and poor barrier function, lips are prone to dryness and are more susceptible to damage and reactions to harmful irritants. That is why they also require appropriate care. The most commonly used cosmetic product for lip care is lip balm, which is applied to the lip vermilion several times a day. In this thesis we studied the composition of 52 different moisturizing lip balms. The ingredients were classified into moisturizing ingredients (primary cosmetically active ingredients), secondary cosmetically active ingredients and excipients. For each category, we defined their effects on the lips and then presented the most frequently used ingredients in more detail. We were also interested in data on the cosmetic form, packaging and price of such products. Among the moisturizing ingredients, emollients were the most numerous (93), followed by humectants (18) and occlusives (8). The most frequently used ingredients were shea butter, castor oil, beeswax and sunflower oil. Within the secondary cosmetically active ingredients, antioxidants (11) were more numerous than ultraviolet filters (8). The most common were tocopherol, tocopheryl acetate and avobenzone. Excipients were classified into structural ingredients, ingredients for physico-chemical regulation, ingredients for microbiological protection, ingredients for improving sensory properties and ingredients for improving the condition and appearance of the lips. The most numerous were structural ingredients, while the group of ingredients for microbiological protection was the least represented. Some ingredients could be assigned into several different groups of excipients. The majority of the examined lip balms were in the form of a stick, packaged in stick containers, as this form allows the easiest application of the product to the lips. Based on the obtained data, the price range evaluation revealed that the product cost was influenced by the presence of various moisturizers and/or antioxidants and ultraviolet filters. The most commonly represented moisturizers also turned out to be the most affordable. Price diversity was also influenced by the reputation of the brand. ustnice balzam vlaženje oblika cena lips balm moisturizing shape price true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2025-09-03 08:45:10 2025-09-03 08:45:14 2025-09-22 03:42:11 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 1970-01-01 117121 28094.pdf 28094.pdf 1 2DBD073B0C4789D17C6A8F296959DC2D 108262dcd108f817c68fb4d1d7dfcfca45dd60ee685beef41aaf1706a50793e9 65fbdf94-8891-11f0-9328-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=215325 Fakulteta za farmacijo 0 0 0