20.500.12556/RUL-171798 Prehrana krav na kmetiji Kožar diplomsko delo Nutrition of cows on farm Kožar B. Sc. thesis Na kmetiji Kožar redimo krave molznice. Doma pridelamo travno silažo, koruzno silažo, mrvo in del slame ter koruzno, ječmenovo in pšenično zrnje. Dokupimo nekaj slame in predvsem beljakovinska krmila (sojine in repične tropine), K–22, K–TOP–60, tirsano AMS in rudninsko–vitaminske dodatke. Povprečna dnevna mlečnost na kmetiji decembra 2023 je bila 26,4 kg mleka s 4,01 % mlečne maščobe in 3,46 % beljakovin, najvišja pa 44 kg mleka. Analize krme so pokazale, da je bila pridelana travna silaža po vsebnosti beljakovin dobre kakovosti (161 g/kg SS) in le zadovoljiva po vsebnosti energije (5,7 MJ NEL/kg SS). Pridelali smo odlično koruzno silažo (6,8 MJ NEL/kg SS in 69,5 g beljakovin/kg SS). Rezultati analize kažejo na slabo kakovost mrve (5,1 MJ NEL/kg SS in 103 g beljakovin/kg SS). Analiza obroka, s katerim smo krmili krave s povprečno mlečnostjo, je pokazala presežek energije in beljakovin, pomanjkanje surove vlaknine in preozko razmerje med K in Na. Izračunali smo popravljen obrok, s katerim smo pokrili vse potrebe krav in zmanjšali količino koncentrata na liter mleka z 0,26 na 0,14 kg. Izračunali smo tudi obrok za kravo z največjo mlečnostjo, ki je sicer odgovarjal potrebam živali, primanjkovalo je predvsem energije. Te potrebe žival pokrije iz svoje telesne mase, kar je v tem obdobju laktacije pričakovano. The farm Kožar is engaged in dairy farming. In addition to roughage, we produce grass silage, maize silage, hay, part of the straw and maize, barley and wheat grains. We also buy straw and, above all, protein-rich feed (soya and rapeseed meal), K–22, K–TOP– 60, Tirsana AMS and mineral-vitamin supplements. In December 2023, our average daily yield was 26.4 kg of milk with 4.01% milk fat and 3.46% protein, while the highest yield reached 44 kg of milk. The feed analysis showed that we produced a high quality grass silage in terms of protein content (161 g/kg DM), but only satisfactory in terms of energy content (5.7 MJ NEL/kg DM). The maize silage was of excellent quality with an energy value of 6.8 MJ NEL/kg DM and 69.5 g protein/kg DM. The results of analysis show that the quality of the hay is poor (5.1 MJ NEL/kg DM and 103 g protein/kg DM). The ration analysis for cows with average milk yield showed an excess of energy and protein, a lack of crude fibre and an unbalanced ratio of sodium to potassium. We formulated a revised ration that met all nutritional requirements and reduced the amount of concentrate per litre of milk from 0.26 kg to 0.14 kg. We also calculated a ration for the cow with the highest milk yield that met the animal's overall nutritional requirements but had an energy deficit. This energy deficit is compensated for by mobilising the cow’s body reserves, which is expected during this stage of lactation. govedo krave molznice prehrana živali krma Slovenija cattle dairy cows animal nutrition feed Slovenia true false false J. Kožar Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2025-09-03 07:16:00 2025-09-03 07:16:05 2025-09-20 03:56:33 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 Ljubljana 2025 Ljubljana 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (VIII, [23] str. )) 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 636.2.084/.087(043.2) 262036 247626755 50378.pdf 50378.pdf 1 167C5730866CF5AEB0E71493BEDFDD2D f755d52870a32fa3ea6e471bb776eb8a9dfb2c143ffc176e8ba1bf2c47df352c f1bea889-8884-11f0-9328-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=215288 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0