20.500.12556/RUL-171505 Synergistic pest management strategies for turfgrass sustainable control of insect pests and fungal pathogens Turfgrass systems in European urban green spaces, including sports fields, golf courses, and residential lawns, must balance high performance with compliance with stricter pesticide regulations. This review examines Synergistic Pest Management (SPM), an advanced form of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) that integrates monitoring, biological, cultural, and targeted chemical strategies for sustainable control of major turfgrass pests. Focus is placed on key insect pests such as Tipula spp. larvae and chafer beetle grubs (Scarabaeidae) and fungal pathogens, including Microdochium nivale, Clarireedia spp., Laetisaria fuciformis, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. avenae, and Colletotrichum spp., which cause significant losses in Central Europe and similar regions. Effective combinations include entomopathogenic nematodes with fungi, endophyte-infected cultivars with optimized mowing and irrigation, and low-dose insecticides paired with biological agents. The review considers how soil conditions, environmental timing, and maintenance practices influence success. Practical tools such as decision-support matrices and a seasonal calendar are provided for regional use. SPM can reduce chemical inputs, enhance biodiversity, and improve turf resilience, but adoption is limited by biological sensitivity, product availability, costs, and technical demands. SPM aligns with EU Directive 2009/128 and offers a pathway to sustainable turfgrass pest management. Future efforts should focus on regional validation, practitioner training, and precision technologies. turfgrass integrated pest management (IPM) urban green spaces synergistic pest management (SPM) biological pest control entomopathogenic nematodes endophyte-infected grasses turfgrass fungal pathogens sustainable turf management cultural practices pesticide reduction travna ruša trajnostno varstvo rastlin zelene površine biotično varstvo rastlin škodljivci rastlin varstvo rastlin true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2025-08-27 12:39:45 2025-08-27 12:39:50 2025-09-04 03:58:18 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 34 str. iss. 9, art. 2036 Vol. 15 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 632 2073-4395 10.3390/agronomy15092036 246790147 Agronomy_(Batistic__Trdan_2025).pdf Agronomy_(Batistic__Trdan_2025).pdf 1 01610AD8AC2408D7B138E4DB5F07CFB0 4fdd1c99e09d826ab93b6611886ccb112a1b9f3bb6eb3d1c6709f17ebed862fd 7da6fb56-8332-11f0-9328-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=214858 https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/9/2036 1 089d75cb-8332-11f0-9328-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=214853 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0