20.500.12556/RUL-171382 Mehanizmi delovanja probiotikov za kontrolo patogenih mikroorganizmov Mechanisms of probiotics action for the control of pathogenic microorganisms patogenih mikroorganizmov in prispevajo k zdravju gostitelja. Najpogosteje preučevani so predstavniki iz rodov Lactobacillus in Bifidobacterium, ki se pogosto uporabljajo v fermentiranih živilih in prehranskih dopolnilih. Med najpomembnejšimi mehanizmi delovanja probiotikov so sinteza protimikrobnih spojin (bakteriocini, vodikov peroksid, organske kisline), kompeticija za adhezijska mesta in hranila na črevesnem epiteliju, izboljšava črevesne epitelne pregrade, uravnavanje sinteze nevrotransmiterjev in signalne poti osi črevesje–možgani ter imunomodulacija. Čeprav je pozitiven vpliv probiotikov na zdravje gostitelja precej raziskan, številni mehanizmi na molekularni ravni še vedno niso v celoti pojasnjeni. Nadaljnje raziskave so nujne za boljše razumevanje teh procesov in razvoj učinkovitih alternativ pri preprečevanju in zdravljenju okužb. Pomen probiotikov se v tem kontekstu povečuje, saj je neustrezna uporaba antibiotikov privedla do naraščajoče ravni odpornosti mikroorganizmov proti antibiotikom. This diploma thesis focuses on the mechanisms by which probiotics inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and contribute to host health. The most commonly studied representatives belong to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, which are widely used in fermented foods and dietary supplements. The most important mechanisms of action include the synthesis of antimicrobial substances (i.e., bacteriocins, hydrogen peroxide, organic acids), competition for adhesion sites and nutrients on the intestinal epithelium, enhancement of the intestinal epithelial barrier, regulation of neurotransmitter synthesis and gut–brain signaling pathways, and immunomodulation. Although the beneficial effects of probiotics on host health have been extensively studied, many mechanisms at the molecular level are still incompletely understood. Further research is needed to better understand these processes and to develop effective alternatives for the prevention and treatment of infections. The importance of probiotics in this context is growing, as inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to increasing levels of antibiotic resistance. probiotik mehanizem delovanja Lactobacillus spp. Bifidobacterium spp. protimikrobna spojina konkurenčna izključitev epitelna pregrada imunomodulacija probiotic mechanism of action Lactobacillus spp. Bifidobacterium spp. antimicrobial substance competitive exclusion epithelial barrier immunomodulation true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2025-08-24 07:16:21 2025-08-24 07:16:25 2025-08-31 03:56:25 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 261388 246439171 50495.pdf 50495.pdf 1 F044BD8C6ABF459F1DC00ADED6118109 9110172ec7be683d2062049813fcbcaf75e9f54091b9525043c11c4a5fbd02a8 5d66a714-80a9-11f0-9328-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=214669 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0