20.500.12556/RUL-171379 Biotehnološki pristopi za izboljšanje učinkovitosti encima Rubisco Biotechnological approaches for improving the efficiency of theRubisco enzyme Rubisco oz. ribuloza-1,5-bisfosfat karboksilaza/oksigenaza velja za enega izmed najpomembnejših encimov fotosinteze, saj katalizira fiksacijo ogljikovega dioksida in s tem tvorbo sladkorjev, ključnih za rast in razvoj rastlin. Kljub svoji pomembnosti pa je Rubisco pri svojem delovanju dokaj neučinkovit predvsem zaradi počasne katalitične hitrost in nizke selektivnosti do ogljikovega dioksida. Poleg tega lahko namesto ogljikovega dioksida veže tudi kisik, kar vodi do nastanka škodljivih snovi ter izgube energije. Omejitve v strukturi in delovanju Rubisca so razlog, da že več desetletij ostaja v središču znanstvenih prizadevanj za izboljšanje njegove učinkovitosti. Med glavnimi pristopi za optimizacijo njegovega delovanja so usmerjena evolucija, heterologna ekspresija ter vnos mehanizmov za koncentriranje ogljikovega dioksida. Uspešne izboljšave v delovanju Rubisca bi lahko prispevale k višjim pridelkom rastlin in hkrati zmanjšale negativne okoljske vplive kmetijstva. V diplomskem delu predstavljamo pregled glavnih dognanj dosedanjih raziskav o strukturi, sestavi, omejitvah in delovanju Rubisca ter pristopov, s katerimi raziskovalci poskušajo povečati njegovo učinkovitost. Rubisco, or ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, is one of the most important enzymes in photosynthesis, as it catalyzes the fixation of car-bon dioxide and thereby enables the production of sugars essential for plant growth and development. Despite its significance, Rubisco is relatively ineffi-cient due to its slow catalytic rate and low selectivity for carbon dioxide. Mo-reover, it can bind oxygen instead of carbon dioxide, leading to the formation of harmful compounds and energy loss. Structural and functional limitations of Rubisco have made it the focus of scientific efforts to improve its effici-ency for several decades. The main strategies to optimize its performance inc-lude directed evolution, heterologous expression, and the introduction of mechanisms to concentrate carbon dioxide within cells. Successful impro-vements in Rubisco activity could contribute to higher crop yields while si-multaneously reducing the environmental impact of agriculture. This thesis provides a comprehensive overview of key findings from previous research on the structure, composition, limitations, and functioning of Rubisco, as well as the approaches researchers are using to enhance its efficiency. Rubisco izboljšanje učinkovitosti fotosinteza biotehnologija rastlin Rubisco photosynthesis protein engineering plant biotechnology true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2025-08-24 07:16:02 2025-08-24 07:16:08 2025-08-31 03:54:19 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 261385 246717187 50519.pdf 50519.pdf 1 042288DE220F88F152D857AA003B52DA 2cb3f739b18950655c619da0cea88e107fe3f67c926f177575e0b2767cf90e7e 532c0c78-80a9-11f0-9328-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=214666 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0