20.500.12556/RUL-170899 Mednarodnopravna vprašanja preprečevanja apatridnosti otrok The international legal issues of childhood statelessness prevention Otroci so ena najbolj ranljivih skupin in kot taki upravičeni do posebnega varstva in zaščite s strani države. Apatridni otroci nimajo vzpostavljene pravne vezi z nobeno državo in tako tega varstva nimajo zagotovljenega. Večina oseb brez državljanstva je apatridnih od rojstva. Glavni vzroki za izvorno apatridnost so arbitrarno odrekanje državljanstva, sistemska diskriminacija določenih skupin, migracije, pomanjkljivi civilni sistemi registracije ter tudi tehnični vzroki, izhajajoči iz ureditve podeljevanja državljanstva v nacionalni zakonodaji. Če posameznik ne pridobi državljanstva ob rojstvu, se poveča tveganje za dolgotrajno apatridnost, ki se pogosto ohranja skozi generacije. Mednarodna skupnost je problematiko apatridnosti začela odločneje naslavljati sredi prejšnjega stoletja, s sprejemom dveh konvencij Združenih narodov o apatridnosti. Dolžnost preprečeva-nja apatridnosti je danes del mednarodnega običajnega prava, zagotovitev državljanstva ob roj-stvu pa predstavlja najbolj učinkovit način preprečevanja apatridnosti. Instrumenti, ki naslav-ljajo apatridnost in instrumenti, ki varujejo otrokovo pravico do državljanstva, vzpostavljajo dolžnost držav glede podelitve državljanstva na njihovem ozemlju rojenim otrokom, ki bi sicer ostali brez državljanstva. Kljub tem varovalkam apatridnost otrok ostaja realnost, predvsem zaradi pomanjkanja politične volje, neustrezne implementacije na ravni nacionalne zakonodaje ter pomanjkljivosti pri identifikaciji apatridnih otrok. Magistrsko diplomsko delo skozi analizo prakse izbranih evropskih držav potrjuje zastavljeno hipotezo, da evropske države v nacionalni zakonodaji nimajo vzpostavljenih ustreznih mehani-zmov, ki bi zagotavljali preprečevanje apatridnosti otrok. Children are one of the most vulnerable groups and as such are entitled to special protection and safeguarding by the State. Stateless children have no established legal bond with any State and are therefore not guaranteed this protection. The majority of stateless persons are stateless from birth. The main causes of original statelessness are arbitrary deprivation of citizenship, systemic discrimination against certain groups, migration, inadequate civil registration systems and also technical reasons arising from the regulation of granting citizenship in national legis-lation. If an individual does not acquire citizenship at birth, the risk of long-term statelessness increases, which is often maintained across generations. The international community began to address the issue of statelessness more forcefully in the middle of the last century, with the adoption of two United Nations conventions on stateless-ness. The obligation to prevent statelessness is now part of customary international law, and the provision of nationality at birth represents the most effective way of preventing statelessness. The instruments addressing statelessness and the instruments protecting the child's right to a nationality establish the duty of States to grant nationality to children born on their territory who would otherwise remain stateless. Despite these safeguards, child statelessness remains a reality, mainly due to a lack of political will, inadequate implementation at the national level of legislation, and shortcomings in the identification of stateless children. Through an analysis of the practice of selected European countries, the master's thesis confirms the hypothesis that European countries do not have adequate mechanisms in place in national legislation to ensure the prevention of child statelessness. apatrid apatridnost preprečevanje apatridnosti državljanstvo apatridnost otrok stateless person statelessness prevention of statelessness citizenship childhood statelessness true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2025-07-21 12:07:17 2025-07-21 12:07:27 2025-07-23 12:53:39 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 1970-01-01 126598 243549443 20478.pdf 20478.pdf 1 DCF9D5EE366356B0C2B3DF082171BA21 ce6086ada5bbe2d174cae2b79d26acce6354c07152416f0ca1e205cb6d5d6f98 7ff6c2af-661a-11f0-9328-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=213175 Pravna fakulteta 0 0 0