20.500.12556/RUL-169925 Distress detection in VR environment using empatica E4 wristband and bittium faros 360 Introduction: Distress detection in virtual reality systems offers a wealth of opportunities to improve user experiences and enhance therapeutic practices by catering to individual physiological and emotional states. Methods: This study evaluates the performance of two wearable devices, the Empatica E4 wristband and the Faros 360, in detecting distress in a motion-controlled interactive virtual reality environment. Subjects were exposed to a baseline measurement and two VR scenes, one non-interactive and one interactive, involving problem-solving and distractors. Heart rate measurements from both devices, including mean heart rate, root mean square of successive differences, and subject-specific thresholds, were utilized to explore distress intensity and frequency. Results: Both the Faros and E4 sensors adequately captured physiological signals, with Faros demonstrating a higher signal-to-noise ratio and consistency. While correlation coefficients were moderately positive between Faros and E4 data, indicating a linear relationship, small mean absolute error and root mean square error values suggested good agreement in measuring heart rate. Analysis of distress occurrence during the interactive scene revealed that both devices detect more high- and medium-level distress occurrences compared to the non-interactive scene. detekcija stresa virtualno okolje fiziologija Empatica E4 Bittium Faros 360 stress detection virtual environment physiology Empatica E4 Bittium Faros 360 true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2025-06-17 13:31:04 2025-06-17 13:31:12 2025-06-18 04:07:49 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 17 str. art. 1480018 Vol. 16 5. Mar. 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno apc 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 004.946 1664-042X 10.3389/fphys.2025.1480018 228088835 fphys-1-1480018.pdf fphys-1-1480018.pdf 1 53080F10E647DE510E24E3DEE82E4ECB 8eb74fb4af24d5f51fe7ac8c157e19ae3eded47dd2894ca3ed0cd6a4a1fe93e0 51c7f306-4b6d-11f0-b232-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=211723 https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1480018/full 1 081e3b35-4b6d-11f0-b232-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=211722 Fakulteta za elektrotehniko 0 0 0