20.500.12556/RUL-169502 Urejanje genoma za izboljšanje odpornosti na abiotski stres pri kmetijskih rastlinah Genome editing and improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in agricultural crops Vpliv podnebnih sprememb na kmetijsko pridelavo je vse večji, zaradi česar raste tudi potreba po novih virih genov za odpornost. Metode genomskega urejanja predstavljajo učinkovito alternativo do sedaj poznanim tehnikam žlahtnjenja rastlin in omogočajo manipulacijo genoma z izjemno natančnostjo. Danes najbolj razširjeno orodje za urejanje genoma je CRISPR/Cas9 sistem in različice le-tega, ki so po enostavnosti uporabe in učinkovitosti delovanja boljše kot prvotna orodja za urejanje genoma, kot so nukleaze cinkovih prstov (ZFN) in efektorske nukleaze podobne transkripcijskim aktivatorjem (TALEN). Genomsko urejanje za vnos sprememb v genom temelji na utišanju genov, ki je lahko rezultat sprememb bralnega okvirja genov, posledica napak med popravljalnimi procesi DNK ali rezultat substitucije obstoječe sekvence s spremenjeno sekvenco, vendar se obseg možnih sprememb z razvojem tehnologij širi. V diplomskem delu so opisana glavna orodja in temeljni mehanizmi urejanja genoma s poudarkom na CRISPR/Cas9, mehanizmi regulacije sušnega in vročinskega stresa, ter nekaj primerov izboljšanja odpornosti na sušni in vročinski stres. V delu osvetljujemo tudi problematiko družbene sprejemljivosti gensko spremenjenih oziroma urejenih rastlin, njihovo potencialno vlogo pri trajnostnemu razvoju in nekatere omejitve, ki jih predstavljajo trenutne EU zakonske regulacije, ter njihove morebitne spremembe. Genomsko urejanje, kljub izzivom, predstavlja nekatera od najzmogljivejših orodij za pridobivanje odpornih genotipov, ki bodo v prihodnosti ključni za uspešno kmetijsko pridelavo in zagotavljanje prehranske varnosti. As climate change increasingly continues to affect agricultural production, the demand for novel sources of resistance genes is becoming more urgent. Genome editing technologies offer a highly precise alternative to conventional plant breeding techniques, enabling targeted modifications at the genomic level. Among these, the CRISPR/Cas9 system and its derivative technologies have surpassed earlier genome editing methods, such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), in terms of efficiency, precision and ease of application. Genome editing facilitates genetic modifications mainly through gene silencing, which may occur from frameshift mutations due to errors in DNA repair pathways or through the precise replacement of existing sequences with altered variants. However, advances in genome editing technologies are expanding the range of possible genetic modifications. This thesis examines the fundamental principles and key methodologies of genome editing, with a particular emphasis on the CRISPR/Cas9 system. It also explores the mechanisms controlling plant responses to drought and heat stress and presents case studies demonstrating the application of genome editing to enhance drought and heat stress tolerance. Additionally, the broader societal implications and acceptability of genetically modified and genome-edited crops are briefly discussed, including their role in sustainable agriculture, regulatory constraints within the European Union and potential policy changes. Despite existing challenges, genome editing represents one of the most powerful tools for developing stress-resilient crop genotypes, which will be crucial for ensuring agricultural sustainability and global food security in the face of climate change. genomsko urejanje izboljšanje odpornosti abiotski stres sušni stres vročinski stres CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing improvement of resistance abiotic stress drought stress heat stress CRISPR/Cas9 true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2025-05-30 12:52:11 2025-05-30 12:52:30 2025-06-02 14:12:27 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 257402 237980163 47918.pdf 47918.pdf 1 82611D5CE96438AA1BA877D2DFE1A87E 826b91d6ddd60ffd5edd5b11c785f6e85d957680f2acfb9add90d5192691a86b e16b5a12-3d42-11f0-b232-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=210925 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0