20.500.12556/RUL-168919 Stabilization of verdigris pigment on paper evaluation of antioxidants under mild accelerated degradation conditions Copper-based pigments, such as verdigris, have caused severe damage to many important historical documents, and their preservation remains a significant concern for paper conservators and researchers. This study re-evaluates the efficacy of two promising antioxidants, tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr) and benzotriazole (BTA), as stabilization agents for paper documents containing verdigris pigment. The evaluation was conducted under mild accelerated degradation conditions using historically accurate mock-up paper samples. To assess the stability of the mock-up papers, various parameters were measured during accelerated degradation, including colour, molecular weight (Mw), and pH value. Size exclusion chromatography measurements of Mw confirmed that TBABr provided superior stabilization compared to BTA. Additionally, the total colour change was slightly more pronounced in the samples treated with BTA compared to those treated with TBABr. However, during degradation, some paper samples containing thicker application of pigment exhibited significant black and brown spots, regardless of treatment (untreated, treated with BTA, or TBABr). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of both Cu(I) and Cu(II) oxidation states in all samples, with a higher Cu(II) content on the surface of TBABr treated samples compared to those treated with BTA. This may indicate differences in the mechanisms of degradation. Raman spectroscopy identified the spots on both untreated and TBABr-treated samples as copper(II) oxide. verdigris degradation paper stabilization antioxidants verdigris papir razgradnja stabilizacija antioksidanti ohranjanje dokumentov true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2025-05-06 13:48:11 2025-05-28 12:38:57 2025-05-29 04:38:52 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 12 str. iss. 5, art. e202400670 Vol. 90 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 7.025.3/.4:691.14 2192-6506 10.1002/cplu.202400670 226885635 ChemPlusChem_-_2025_-_Malesic_-_Stabilization_of_Verdigris_Pigment_on_Paper__Evaluation_of_Antioxidants_Under_Mild.pdf ChemPlusChem_-_2025_-_Malesic_-_Stabilization_of_Verdigris_Pigment_on_Paper__Evaluation_of_Antioxidants_Under_Mild.pdf 1 2933190391B2A973E74E28AC7FB51732 142e5a3cd5686ee35d61f7489b8b6395df2c1589d2a811d2d74154b817d8dc8e ed3e463f-3bae-11f0-b232-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=210781 https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cplu.202400670 0 c6092033-3bae-11f0-b232-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=210780 Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo 0 0 0