20.500.12556/RUL-168362 Climatological reference stations definitions and requirements Ground-based stations are one of many observing systems contributing to the generation of data to evaluate climate trends and variations locally and globally. Networks of stations are made of various numbers of observing sites, equipped with different typologies and varieties of instruments, differently managed and maintained. Among such networks a limited number of stations are required as a reference, to provide top quality traceable measurements and as the top level of a tiered approach; it is these stations which are here designated as Climatological Reference Stations (CRS). At present, there is no agreed definition of the key instrumental and technical features of a CRS, nor are there defined reference measurement procedures. This leads to the situation of a multitude of approaches among different National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs), research institutes and other agencies that reduces the comparability of results in space and in time. The lack of CRSs, moreover, is a major contributor to the huge efforts required to harmonize data and detect biases locally, regionally and globally, as in their absence there is a need to fall back on other stations which are more likely to have such biases. This article reports on the outcomes of the work of a group of experts, nominated by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Commission for Climatology (CCI), tasked to promote a standardized and agreed concept about the definitions, specifications and technical characteristics of climate reference data and stations for ground-based networks, with the addition of a practical example of climatological reference station installed in the framework of an European funded project, with the purpose of comparing and confirming the prescribed characteristics and guidance, with respect to practical field use and available instrumentation. The adoption of a unique definition and prescription on the technical setup, measurement procedures and uncertainty evaluation will substantially progress towards a common approach in detecting climate trends. This will improve data comparability in space and time and allow a more robust understanding of climate evolution locally and globally. climate reference data climate reference stations climatology instrumentation meteorological stations metrology uncertainty referenčna meteorološka postaja klimatski referenčni podatki klimatologija instrumentacija meteorološka postaja metrologija negotovost true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2025-04-10 11:35:42 2025-04-10 11:35:48 2025-04-11 04:18:10 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2024 0 0 Str. 1710-1724 iss. 5 Vol. 44 Apr. 2024 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 551.58 1097-0088 10.1002/joc.8406 232075523 Intl_Journal_of_Climatology_-_2024_-_Merlone_-_Climatological_reference_stations__Definitions_and_requirements.pdf Intl_Journal_of_Climatology_-_2024_-_Merlone_-_Climatological_reference_stations__Definitions_and_requirements.pdf 1 D09E655DAD70EA88227B14FCC1073C9C 86b0c682cc3e6485c181ae3d289e929af6b724a1e4487fd94098d1cb60823123 ce60f11b-15ee-11f0-b232-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=201706 https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/joc.8406 1 18162263-15ee-11f0-b232-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=201705 Fakulteta za elektrotehniko 0 0 0