20.500.12556/RUL-167505 Ibuprofen-loaded, nanocellulose-based buccal films the development and evaluation of promising drug delivery systems for special populations The objective of this work was to investigate the use of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) as a drug-delivery excipient for buccal films. Gel-like dispersions were created by blending either gel or powder NCC (gNCC or pNCC) with natural polymers (alginate, pectin, or chitosan) in water, with glycerol serving as a plasticiser. Ibuprofen (IBU) as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) was dissolved in a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) to improve its solubility prior to its addition to gel-like dispersions. Dispersions were dried, and resulting films were cut to 3 cm × 1.5 cm size, appropriate for buccal delivery. Rheological measurements revealed that shorter, thinner, and less crystalline nanocellulose fibres are more favourable for stronger gel properties. While overall, weaker gel structure prior to film casting also resulted in shorter disintegration time, this was not the case for NCC–chitosan films; here, the low solubility of chitosan in neutral media proved to be the main obstacle. Nevertheless, the prolonged disintegration of NCC–chitosan films did not impact the dissolution of IBU, as these films exhibited the fastest dissolution rate, followed by NCC–pectin and NCC–alginate. Furthermore, NCC properties significantly influenced the dissolution behaviour of the chitosan formulations, with gNCC favouring faster IBU release due to weaker gel formation prior to film casting. buccal films hydrogels mucoadhesion nanocrystalline cellulose SMEDDS ibuprofen drug delivery microemulsion bukalni filmi hidrogeli mukoadhezija nanokristalna celuloza SMEDDS ibuprofen dostava zdravil mikroemulzije dostavni sistemi true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2025-02-25 12:31:45 2025-02-25 12:31:50 2025-02-26 04:16:58 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 16 str. iss. 3, [article no.] 163 Vol. 11 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 615.015.14 2310-2861 10.3390/gels11030163 227237891 gels-11-00163.pdf gels-11-00163.pdf 1 A02035076EE9F68BFF6C4940CCC255C6 2d4dec9cbfad263db05b69313349ad2fa341b5308431974079d8b56b441a04e1 7e52451a-f36b-11ef-b232-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=200064 https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/3/163 1 318889ac-f36b-11ef-b232-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=200062 Fakulteta za farmacijo 0 0 0