20.500.12556/RUL-167497 Bystander effect of metal byproducts released from electroporated cells after electroporation in vitro Electrodes dissolution during electroporation releases metal ions into the medium, altering the microenvironment of electroporated cells and allowing metal ions to penetrate cell membrane. During cell membrane repair, homeostasis restoration or activation of cell death pathways, cells eliminate excess metals from the cytoplasm and membrane. This study assessed the effects of post-electroporation metal byproducts on untreated (nonelectroporated) cells in vitro. CHO and HCT116 cells were electroporated with three pulse protocols (unipolar: 100 $\mu$s, 5 ms; bipolar: 2 $\mu$s) using either aluminum or stainless-steel electrodes. After electroporation, cells were transferred to fresh growth medium and incubated for 2 or 4 h. Incubation period allowed either cell recovery or the activation of cell death pathways, leading to the accumulation of metal byproducts in the incubation medium. Stainless-steel electrodes with the 5 ms pulse protocol caused a considerable increase in iron, chromium and nickel ions in incubation medium compared to aluminum electrodes or other protocols. Metal ions in incubation medium caused toxicity in non-electroporated cells, disrupting cell cycle function or inducing cell death. The observed toxicity results from combined effects of metal ions on cellular functions and the mechanisms the cells use to protect themselves from metal overload. pulsed electric fields stainless-steel electrodes aluminum cuvettes electrode dissolution pulzna električna polja elektrode iz nerjavečega jekla aluminijaste kivete raztapljanje elektrode true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2025-02-25 10:27:33 2025-02-25 10:27:38 2025-03-13 04:15:50 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 15 str. art. 108940 Vol. 164 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno apc 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 602.621 1567-5394 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.108940 227225859 1-s2.0-S156753942500043X-main.pdf 1-s2.0-S156753942500043X-main.pdf 1 60656FC57B84DA1C9EEB145BCC22C14C a918004f0b8785f59ebc871aea917e086ebbbac7937c45cc2bb2cba342e34280 56ac86a3-ff3c-11ef-b232-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=200574 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S156753942500043X 1 d69f57bf-f359-11ef-b232-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=200013 Fakulteta za elektrotehniko 0 0 0