20.500.12556/RUL-167365 Effect of filament material and printing temperature on 3D printing extrusion force In this study, a modified 3D printer hotend equipped with a load cell, attached to the feeding system, was used to evaluate the effects of filament material composition and printing parameters on the extrusion force required. Four different materials (commercial PLA, pure PLA, wood-PLA with different ratios of wood particles, and wood-PLA with different ratios of thermally modified wood particles) were used for 3D printing, and the feeding resistance was measured. The filament feeder was connected to the extruder hotend via a load cell, which measured the forces required to push the filament through the extruder and the nozzle. Three printing nozzle temperatures of 200, 210, and 220 °C were used. The results show that the printing temperature and the material influence the required extrusion forces, which varied between 1 and 8 N, but the variation was high. With proper optimization and integration into the printer firmware, this setup could also be used to detect nozzle clogging during printing, modify printing parameters during the process, and prevent the uneven extrusion of composite filaments. FFF wood-PLA filament wood content extrusion force printing parameters les PLA filamenti delež lesa sila ekstrudiranja parametri tiskanja true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2025-02-18 12:46:59 2025-02-18 12:47:03 2025-06-02 09:41:32 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 Raziskovalni podatki dostopni na https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=166731&lang=eng 16 str. iss. 4, art. 2046 Vol. 15 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 630*8 2076-3417 10.3390/app15042046 226494723 RAZ_Krapez_Dasa_2025.pdf RAZ_Krapez_Dasa_2025.pdf 1 DB500E3A971AF60F55722F0B7609570A 4b97da98c26eafcb99645bdc2a1eda079556f4e76bb4f46cd516bea0b8cb5b26 c73ab6d6-eded-11ef-b232-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=199744 https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/4/2046 1 2e99b32d-eded-11ef-b232-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=199742 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0