20.500.12556/RUL-162382 Ureditev vinograda za strojno trgatev in vpliv te na količino in kakovost grozdja in vina Arrangement of the vineyard for the mechanical harvest and its impact on the quantity and qualty of the grape and wine Strojno obiranje grozdja postaja vse pomembnejše zaradi pomanjkanja delovne sile in potrebe po večji učinkovitosti. Diplomsko delo obravnava ureditev vinograda za strojno trgatev in vpliv te na količino in kakovost grozdja in vina. Za strojno trgatev je ključna pravilna zasnova vinograda, ki vključuje optimalne sadilne razdalje, dolžino vrst in prilagojena obračališča. Dolžina vrst, ki običajno znaša med 80 in 130 m in medvrstni razmik vsaj 2,2 m omogočata nemoteno delovanje strojev. Obračališča morajo biti široka vsaj 5,5 m, da omogočajo varno obračanje strojev. Strojna trgatev, ki nadomesti do 42 delavcev, je bolj ekonomična, saj v povprečju traja le 3,2 h/ha, v primerjavi s 135 h/ha pri ročni trgatvi. Kljub temu strojno obiranje povzroči do 8,72 % izgub mase grozdja in do 3,43 % izgub volumna mošta. Optimalna frekvenca delovanja stroja, ki minimizira izgube je določena pri 440 udarcih na minuto. Mehanske poškodbe grozdja med strojnim obiranjem lahko povzročijo do 60 % poškodovanih jagod, kar vodi do oksidacije mošta in zmanjšanja vsebnosti fenolnih spojin, kar povzroča nezaželeno rjavenje in manjšo aromatsko kompleksnost vina. Po drugi strani se pa lahko zaradi mehanskih poškodb jagod rdečih sort sprosti več fenolnih spojin, kar lahko vodi do kompleksnejših vin. Za izboljšanje kakovosti strojno obranega grozdja je pomembno pravilno ravnanje z grozdjem po obiranju, vključno z uporabo optičnih sortirnikov in hladne predelave. Mechanical grape harvesting is becoming more and more important due to labour shortages and the need for greater operational efficiency. This thesis suggests vineyard design for mechanical harvesting and its impact on grape and wine quantity and quality. The key for mechanical harvest is proper vineyard layout, which includes optimal planting distances, row lengths, and appropriately sized headlands. The row length, typically between 80 and 130 m, and the inter-row spacing of at least 2.2 m, ensure smooth operation of the machinery. Headlands must be at least 5.5 m wide to allow safe turning of equipment. Mechanical harvesting, which can replace up to 42 workers, is more cost-effective, requiring only 3.2 h/ha compared to 135 h/ha for manual harvesting. However, mechanical harvesting can result in grape weight losses of up to 8.72% and must volume losses of up to 3.43%. The optimal shaker frequency, minimizing these losses, is determined to be 440 beats per minute. Physical damage during harvesting can result in up to 60% of the berries being injured, leading to oxidation of the must and a decrease in phenolic content, potentially causing undesirable browning and reduced aromatic complexity in the wine. Conversely, physical damage can also release more phenolic compounds at red grape varieties, which may contribute to greater wine complexity. To enhance the quality of mechanicaly harvested grapes, it is crucial to handle the grapes properly post-harvest, including the use of optical sorters and cold processing techniques. vinogradništvo ureditev vinograda strojna trgatev kakovost grozdje vino viticulture vineyard arrangement mechanical harvesting quality grape wine true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2024-09-22 07:15:17 2024-09-22 07:15:32 2024-09-25 10:07:40 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2024 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 246236 208834563 43611.pdf 43611.pdf 1 18AAE4A2B2996DA321643B35D1E5563E 449d5f42e3c4735cf18ce8cae5248db8fa86c9a68a0a14f62aa72d4adf1aa88d a113e17a-78a1-11ef-b232-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=191694 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0