20.500.12556/RUL-161543 Varstvo človekovih pravic v skupni zunanji in varnostni politiki Evropske unije Protection of human rights in the European Union's common foreign and security policy Človekove pravice so že na ravni ustavne ureditve Evropske unije (EU) pojmovane kot prioriteta njenega notranjega in zunanjega delovanja, kar je privedlo do razvoja ideje o EU kot globalnem (normativnem) akterju na področju človekovih pravic. Skupna zunanja in varnostna politika (SZVP) pri tem zaradi normativne narave mehanizmov, ki jih predvideva z vidika varstva človekovih pravic v svetu, predstavlja enega izmed temeljnih področij, na katerem bi EU lahko delovala kot tovrsten akter. Kljub temu obstaja že v sami ustavni ureditvi področja SZVP razkorak med težnjo po učinkovitem varstvu človekovih pravic v svetu ter zunanjo suverenostjo njenih držav članic. Te so namreč na področju SZVP praktično v celoti ohranile svojo zunanjo suverenost, kar se odraža v ohranjanju posebnega položaja SZVP napram ostalim področjem zunanjega delovanja EU. Poseben položaj SZVP se pri tem kaže zlasti v ohranjanju izrazite medvladne ureditve SZVP in pravilu o soglasnem odločanju v Evropskem svetu in Svetu; omejeni ustavni pristojnosti suprancionalnih institucij, organov in agencij EU ter v sui generis pristojnosti EU in držav članic na tem področju. Problem učinkovitega varstva človekovih pravic v SZVP se do določene mere zrcali tudi v praksi, kar je razvidno iz analize primerov ukrepov Globalnega režima sankcij EU na področju človekovih pravic, skupnih izjav EU in glasovanj o resolucijah glede človekovih pravic v Generalni skupščini OZN in Svetu OZN za človekove pravice. Human rights are enshrined as a priority in the constitutional framework of the European Union (EU), guiding both its internal and external action. This has led to the development of the concept of the EU as a global (normative) actor in the field of human rights. Within this context, the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) emerges as a key domain through which the EU could assert itself as such an actor, given the normative mechanisms it offers for the protection human rights worldwide. However, the constitutional framework governing the CFSP reveals a gap between the EU's aspiration to effectively protect human rights globally and the external sovereignty of its Member States. In the CFSP domain, Member States have largely retained their external sovereignty, which is reflected in the distinct position of the CFSP compared to other areas of the EU's external action. This special position of the CFSP is particularly evident in the preservation of its distinctly intergovernmental structure and the unanimity rule in decision-making within the European Council and the Council, the limited constitutional competence of the EU's supranational institutions, bodies, and agencies, and the sui generis competence shared by the EU and its Member States in this field. The challenge of effectively protecting human rights within the CFSP is also reflected to some extent in practice, as illustrated by the analysis of examples such as the actions under the EU Global Human Rights Sanctions Regime, the EU's joint statements, and voting on human rights resolutions in the UN General Assembly and the UN Human Rights Council. Evropska unija človekove pravice skupna zunanja in varnostna politika (SZVP) globalni (normativni) akter zunanja suverenost soglasno odločanje kvalificirana večina učinkovitost omejevalni ukrepi Globalni režim sankcij EU na področju človekov European Union human rights Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) global (normative) actor external sovereignty unanimity qualified majority effectiveness restrictive measures EU Global Human Rights Sanctions Regime true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2024-09-12 09:00:04 2024-09-12 09:00:20 2024-10-24 14:26:14 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2024 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 120637 212872707 18105.pdf 18105.pdf 1 A63889371744AF4A8A90EFC021D184A8 e7a70fb2cc5ed0259d6602b6c98ee96e4322894f7414cfc608dfc25ca3ecfd55 9e85d85d-70d4-11ef-b232-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=190494 Pravna fakulteta 0 0 0