20.500.12556/RUL-161400 Epigenetske razlike med kloni in donorji celic za jedrni prenos Epigenetic variations between clones and cell donors for cloning with nuclear transfer Znano je, da imajo kloni skoraj povsem enak genom donorju jedra za kloniranje z jedrnim prenosom, vendar pa se pri klonih pogosto pojavijo fenotipske razlike, po katerih se razlikujejo od donorjev. En izmed glavnih razlogov za fenotipske razlike torej ni genetski, ampak se skriva v epigenetiki, natančneje v metilaciji DNA. Ta spremeni aktivacijo nekodirajočega dela genoma brez spremembe zaporedja DNA. Okoljski dejavniki lahko vplivajo na spremembo metilacijskega vzorca DNA, pri čemer DNA metiltransferaza cepi metilne skupine iz DNA. Zaradi tega pride do inaktivacije oziroma do sprememb pri izražanju genov, kar posledično vpliva na fenotip osebka. Klonirani osebki, ustvarjeni z jedrnim prenosom, so posebej pomembni v epigenetskih raziskavah, saj jih po rojstvu lahko izpostavimo različnim okoljem in primerjamo vpliv različnih okoljskih faktorjev na enak genom. Zato je kloniranje z jedrnim prenosom ključen model za preučevanje vpliva okolja na fenotip. Clones are known to have an almost identical genome to the nuclear transfer cloning donor, but clones often exhibit phenotypic differences that distinguish them from the donor. One of the main reasons for phenotypic differences is therefore not genetic, but lies in epigenetics, specifically in DNA methylation. This changes the activation of the non-coding part of the genome without changing the DNA sequence. Environmental factors can affect the change in the methylation pattern of DNA, whereby DNA methyltransferase cleaves methyl groups from DNA. As a result, there is inactivation or changes in the expression of genes, which in turn affects the phenotype of the individual. Cloned individuals created by nuclear transfer are particularly important in epigenetic research, as they can be exposed to different environments after birth and the impact of different environmental factors on the same genome can be compared. Therefore, cloning by nuclear transfer is a crucial model for studying the influence of environment on phenotype. kloniranje z jedrnim prenosom reprogramiranje jedra epigenetske spremembe metilacija DNA kromosomske nestabilnosti cloning by nuclear transfer nuclear reprogramming epigenetic changes DNA methylation chromosomal instabilities true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2024-09-11 08:15:04 2024-09-11 08:15:08 2024-10-03 11:09:50 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2024 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 244385 207582467 41894.pdf 41894.pdf 1 276405C3026CD44B6CD013F412E2CF1B 37934198dead2c392f0086d8b5d4ccdd46d1801fc3bf7dfe662b192b8eb661b8 26f11db3-7005-11ef-b232-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=190330 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0