20.500.12556/RUL-161201 Odpornost rastlin proti virusom s pomočjo RNA tehnologij Plant virus resistance with RNA technologies Trajnostna kmetijska pridelava se sooča z mnogimi izzivi, med njimi tudi z napadi virusov, ki negativno vplivajo na kakovost in količino pridelka. V iskanju možnih rešitev so se pojavile tehnologije na osnovi RNA interference in CRISPR/Cas. RNA interferenca je mehanizem, ki razreže (virusne) dvoverižne RNA in tako onesposobi razmnoževanje virusa, s CRISPR/Cas pa se lahko izzove mutacije v dovzetnostnih genih gostiteljske rastline ter s tem onemogoči tarčo virusa, ali pa se povzroči prelome virusne DNA ali RNA. Najobetavnejša tehnologija je gotovo SIGS, ki deluje na osnovi RNA interference. Gre za netransgeno metodo, ki je tudi cenovno ugodna, a je potrebno optimizirati sam privzem oziroma vstop teh molekul v rastlinske celice in povečati stabilnost malih RNA po površinski aplikaciji na rastline. Pri tem so v pomoč nanodelci, ki so sposobni zaščite malih RNA, hkrati pa jim je zaradi njihove majhnosti omogočen vstop v celice. Pred komercializacijo pa bo potrebno opraviti izbor neškodljivih nanodelcev, ki ne povzročajo toksičnih učinkov na rastline in okolje. Pričakuje se, da se bo nabor malih RNA v prihodnje še povečal, trenutno mnogo obetata umetna mikro RNA in trans-aktivna siRNA. Sustainable agricultural production faces many challenges, including viral attacks that significantly affect the quality and quantity of the crop. In the search for possible solutions, technologies based on RNA interference and CRISPR/Cas have emerged. RNA interference is a mechanism that cuts (viral) double-stranded RNA and thus disables the virus's reproduction, while CRISPR/Cas can induce mutations in the susceptibility genes of the host plant, thereby eliminating the virus target, or vaccinate viral DNA or RNA. The most promising technology is undoubtedly SIGS, which operates on the basis of RNA interference. It is a non-transgenic method that is also cost-effective, but the uptake or entry of these molecules into plant cells and the stability of small RNAs after surface application to plants need to be optimized. Nanocarriers, which can protect small RNAs and allow entry into cells due to their small size, are helpful in this regard. However, the selection of harmless nanocarriers that do not cause toxic effects on plants and the environment will be necessary before commercialization. It is expected that the repertoire of small RNAs will expand in the future, with artificial microRNAs and trans-acting siRNAs showing much promise at the moment. rastline virusi odpornost RNA tehnologija RNA interferenca HIGS VIGS SIGS CRISPR/Cas obstojnost malih RNA privzem malih RNA nanodelci plants viruses resistance RNA technology RNA interference HIGS VIGS SIGS CRISPR/Cas stability of small RNAs uptake of small RNAs nanoparticles true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2024-09-08 07:18:00 2024-09-08 07:18:02 2024-09-13 09:19:36 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2024 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 243859 207399683 41630.pdf 41630.pdf 1 92AA54B3DD9B719B163E35E08CBF48B5 13569cbfdabec84de44e3621654308fd3d5dd1b054297a1a737e5f8b0ed306c6 b0220451-6da1-11ef-b232-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=190086 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0