20.500.12556/RUL-156266 Response of the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber to lipopolysaccharide challenge after microplastic and insecticide exposure The exposure of organisms to microplastics could compromise their ability to cope with other environmental stressors, such as infections. In this context, we investigated the effects of a 14-day exposure of the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber to tire particles in soil (1.5 % w w$^{−1}$ dry weight) on the organisms' response to a secondary exposure, i.e., injection of the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide. In addition, the insecticide chlorpyrifos (2 mg kg$^{−1}$ dry weight) was tested as a positive control. The survival and immune response of P. scaber was assessed at the end of the 7- and 14-day primary exposure and two days after the secondary exposure, by analyzing selected haemolymph immune parameters (total haemocyte count, differential haemocyte count, and haemocyte viability). No change in survival was observed after primary exposure of P. scaber to tire particles or chlorpyrifos. However, primary exposure to chlorpyrifos triggered a strong activation of the immune response, which was not the case following exposure to the tire particles. Further injection of lipopolysaccharide into the body did not affect the survival of animals exposed to tire particles or chlorpyrifos, while a strong immunomodulatory change was observed, particularly with chlorpyrifos, and to some extent, tire particles. Based on these results, we conclude that exposure of P. scaber to tire particles or chlorpyrifos has no significant effect on the susceptibility of the organism to lipopolysaccharide in terms of their mortality, but primary exposure to an insecticide significantly modulates the immune response of the organisms to a second stressor. We discuss the “stress on stress” approach for testing low-toxic substances, such as microplastics, where an environmentally realistic exposure is followed by a secondary exposure. Porcellio scaber soil tire particles chlorpyrifos insecticide organism susceptibility woodlice infection Porcellio scaber zemlja delci pnevmatike insekticid klorpirifos občutljivost organizma true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2024-05-16 14:11:47 2024-05-16 14:11:48 2024-08-28 12:08:31 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2024 0 0 9 str. art. 171698 Vol. 925 2024 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 504 1879-1026 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171698 189623811 1-s2.0-S0048969724018400-main.pdf 1-s2.0-S0048969724018400-main.pdf 1 75DA9722DFB8661106B49C77BA696D85 083bd8b1b7b8be8ff13a759b98f698c7d5b2778a458c8fd07329b16511b913b8 d5c9a5d5-137d-11ef-bd09-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=183633 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969724018400 0 77e3c203-137d-11ef-bd09-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=183632 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0