20.500.12556/RUL-156148 Black yeasts in hypersaline conditions Extremotolerant and extremophilic fungi are an important part of microbial communities that thrive in extreme environments. Among them, the black yeasts are particularly adaptable. They use their melanized cell walls and versatile morphology, as well as a complex set of molecular adaptations, to survive in conditions that are lethal to most other species. In contrast to extremophilic bacteria and archaea, these fungi are typically extremotolerant rather than extremophilic and exhibit an unusually wide ecological amplitude. Some extremely halotolerant black yeasts can grow in near-saturated NaCl solutions, but can also grow on normal mycological media. They adapt to the low water activity caused by high salt concentrations by sensing their environment, balancing osmotic pressure by accumulating compatible solutes, removing toxic salt ions from the cell using membrane transporters, altering membrane composition and remodelling the highly melanized cell wall. As protection against extreme conditions, halotolerant black yeasts also develop different morphologies, from yeast-like to meristematic. Genomic studies of black yeasts have revealed a variety of reproductive strategies, from clonality to intense recombination and the formation of stable hybrids. Although a comprehensive understanding of the ecological role and molecular adaptations of halotolerant black yeasts remains elusive and the application of many experimental methods is challenging due to their slow growth and recalcitrant cell walls, much progress has been made in deciphering their halotolerance. Advances in molecular tools and genomics are once again accelerating the research of black yeasts, promising further insights into their survival strategies and the molecular basis of their adaptations. extremophiles halotolerance black yeast adaptation ekstremofili halotoleranca črna kvasovka prilagoditev true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2024-05-10 14:22:17 2024-05-10 14:22:18 2024-05-11 03:58:06 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2024 0 0 10 str. iss. 1, art. 252 Vol. 108 2024 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 579 0175-7598 10.1007/s00253-024-13052-2 188114435 s00253-024-13052-2.pdf s00253-024-13052-2.pdf 1 0F375D92533A899D18920BB786E01D74 7445014e4638c02fc60c0a95eeafd9e23bb760d1b1ee2328f509f3ae045a018a 22d58bf9-0ec8-11ef-99d3-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=183446 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00253-024-13052-2 1 f0b0f4dc-0ec7-11ef-99d3-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=183445 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0