20.500.12556/RUL-154702 Synergism between bio-based oleate ester and low-concentration ZDDP under reciprocating contacts In this study, a bio-based ester was experimentally tested under a reciprocating contact in terms of the tribological performance to assess the potential of bio-based materials as boundary lubrication additives for low Sulphated Ash, Phosphorus, and Sulphur (SAPS) lubricants. A synergy in tribological performance has been observed when the ethyl oleate was used with a low concentration of ZDDP, showing both lower friction and wear loss, compared to only ethyl oleate or Zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDP) as single additives in base oil. SEM-EDX and ToF-SIMS analyses confirm that the additive combination of ester and low-concentration ZDDP generates a more evenly distributed tribo-film than that for only ZDDP as an additive. Although the tribo-film thickness of the ester/ZDDP lubricant combination, measured with AFM, issmaller than that for only low- concentration ZDDP, the combination shows superior wear protection ability over ZDDP. Mass spectra from ToF-SIMS show that the main component of the film formed by the additive combination is zinc polyphosphate, while the film generated from low-concentration ZDDP consists of short-chain iron phosphate. It is proposed that the ethyl oleate present in the additive combination alleviates severe shear in the contact, which promotes the formation of a uniform tribo-film composed of glassy zinc polyphosphate. The formed tribo-film enhances the adsorption of ester fragments, improving the tribological performance compared to using only ester as an additive. The obtained results demonstrate the potential of bio-based esters to reduce ZDDP usage and move towards greener lubricants. bio-based ester ethyl oleate low-concentration ZDDP reciprocation ester na biološki osnovi etil oleat ZDDP z nizko koncentracijo recipročnost true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2024-02-23 10:30:38 2024-02-23 10:30:42 2024-02-26 03:30:08 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2024 0 0 Str. 1-11 Vol. 192, art. 109252 Apr. 2024 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 539.92:547-326 0301-679X 10.1016/j.triboint.2024.109252 186544643 Shu...-_Synergism_between_bio-based_oleate_ester_and_low-concentration_ZDDP_under_reciprocating_contacts.pdf Shu...-_Synergism_between_bio-based_oleate_ester_and_low-concentration_ZDDP_under_reciprocating_contacts.pdf 1 2E151CBDA125213D73C5FA322431ABF7 366f7a648b1f415249c7f4c9d74c9edcbd18f53121c482291d479165c8905f76 1fa00e96-d22f-11ee-9607-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=181232 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301679X24000033 1 360e40a4-d22e-11ee-9607-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=181231 Fakulteta za strojništvo 0 0 0