20.500.12556/RUL-153997 Dendritic cell activation and cytokine response in vaccine breakthrough TBE patients after in vitro stimulation with TBEV Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infection of the human central nervous system caused by the TBE virus (TBEV). The most effective protective measure against TBE is vaccination. Despite the highly immunogenic vaccine, cases of vaccine breakthroughs (VBTs) occur. One of the first targets of infection is dendritic cells (DC), which represent a fundamental bridge between innate and adaptive immunity through antigen presentation, costimulation, and cytokine production. Therefore, we investigated the activation and maturation of DCs and cytokine production after in vitro TBEV stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from VBT and unvaccinated TBE patients. Our results showed that the expression of HLA-DR and CD86 on DCs, was upregulated to a similar extent in both vaccinated and unvaccinated TBE patients but differed in cytokine production after stimulation with TBEV. PBMCs from patients with VBT TBE responded with lower levels of IFN-α and the proinflammatory cytokines IL-12 (p70) and IL-15 after 24- and 48-hour in vitro stimulation with TBEV, possibly facilitating viral replication and influencing the development of cell-mediated immunity. On the other hand, significantly higher levels of IL-6 in addition to an observed trend of higher expression of TNF-α measured after 6 days of in vitro stimulation of PBMC could support disruption of the blood–brain barrier and promote viral and immune cell influx into the CNS, leading to more severe disease in VBT TBE patients. tick-borne encephalitis vaccine breakthrough cytokines dendritic cells immune response in vitro klopni encefalitis preboj cepiva citokini true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2024-01-18 09:04:23 2024-01-18 09:04:27 2024-08-28 11:48:18 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2023 0 0 9 str. Vol. 14, art. 1190803 2023 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 616.9 1664-3224 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190803 152562691 fimmu-14-1190803.pdf fimmu-14-1190803.pdf 1 E248AD73A3997B633E0571599B87D465 cc41ce17716675ce605e746bc39000ba631ed1310ef6cc804b5ab1bdbb33b321 d4c208b8-b5db-11ee-a699-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=180102 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190803/full 1 347359e1-b5d8-11ee-a699-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=180101 Medicinska fakulteta 0 0 0