20.500.12556/RUL-153311 Programi ohranjanja lokalnih pasem kokoši v Evropi Programs of maintenance of the local breeds of chickens in Europe Lokalne pasme kokoši so pomemben rezervoar genov. Dobro so prilagojene okolju, v katerem poteka njihova reja, hkrati pa so močno vpete tudi v življenje podeželskega prebivalstva. Z intenzivno selekcijo so nastale številne visoko proizvodne pasme, ki so v komercialnih rejah izpodrinile manj proizvodne lokalne pasme. Genetski viri so tudi v perutninarstvu osnova za nadaljnje selekcijsko delo. Zato je pomembno, da se lokalne pasme evidentira in ohrani. Obstajata dve metodi ohranjanja lokalnih pasem kokoši: in-situ in ex-situ. Pri metodi in situ se populacije kokoši redi v njihovem izvornem okolju, metoda ex-situ pa vključuje globoko zamrzovanje biološkega materiala kokoši ali rejo kokoši na specifičnih lokacijah. V številnih državah po svetu se izvajajo programi ohranjanja lokalnih pasem kokoši. Ti programi obsegajo naslednje aktivnosti: nadgradnjo znanj o biologiji določene pasme, ohranjanje tipičnih morfoloških lastnosti pasme, oblikovanje programov selekcije, nadzor nad inbridingom in valorizacijo pasem preko njihovega vključevanja v lokalne proizvodne sisteme. Učinkovitost programov ohranjanja je precej odvisna od možnosti sodelovanja med ključnimi akterji, ki v teh programih sodelujejo (nacionalne vlade, raziskovalne inštitucije, rejska združenja, rejci, hobi rejci). Znano je, da je ohranjanje lokalnih pasem povezano z velikimi stroški, zato morajo biti rejci teh pasem deležni subvencij. Local chicken breeds are an important reservoir of genetic resources. They are highly adapted to the natural environment and are also an integral part of the rural population's way of life. Selective breeding by humans has led to the creation of many chicken breeds characterized by high productivity, which has led to the displacement of local breeds. Genetic resources are the building blocks for the development of poultry. Therefore, the registration and conservation of local chicken breeds is of great importance. There are two approaches to the conservation of local chicken breeds: In-situ and ex-situ conservation. In situ conservation involves keeping live chicken populations in their adaptive environment, while the ex situ conservation approach involves methods such as cryopreservation and keeping live chickens in specific locations. Conservation of local chicken breeds is part of the activities in many countries. It includes various activities: Improvement of knowledge on biological functions, conservation of typical morphological traits, development of selection strategies, control of inbreeding and valorization of strategies for dissemination of breeds in local production systems. The effectiveness of conservation programs depends on the possibility of cooperation between the actors involved in the conservation of local breeds (e.g. governments, research institutions, breeders' associations, farmers, hobby breeders). It is known that the conservation of local breeds is associated with high costs and that farmers must be supported with subsidies for the rearing of chickens of rare breeds. perutninarstvo kokoši genetski viri pasme lokalne pasme selekcija ohranjanje poultry breeding chicken gene resources breeds local breeds selection conservation true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2023-12-22 07:15:06 2023-12-22 07:15:20 2024-10-03 08:46:46 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2023 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 236116 181203203 38270.pdf 38270.pdf 1 A158BB90E4BD6FC2ECC1E2B6B609D8F1 3e84402f9de29a705d23b3dd4b585cf6f660106b0d98a0759b62e4c344cb9604 831a2ca4-a091-11ee-90ad-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=179241 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0