20.500.12556/RUL-150710 Olja in maščobe v prehrani prežvekovalcev za zmanjšanje tvorbe metana v vampu Oils and fats in the diet of ruminants to reduce methane formation in the rumen Tako v Sloveniji, kot v svetu nastane v kmetijstvu, predvsem v živinoreji, pomemben delež vsega proizvedenega toplogrednega plina metana. Metan nastaja kot stranski produkt v vampu rastlinojedih živali, v procesu hidrogenotrofne metanogeneze. To izvajajo metanogene arheje, ki kot substrat za nastanek CH4 izkoriščajo H2 in CO2, ta pa nastajata kot fermentacijska končna produkta vampovih bakterij, gliv in praživali. V zadnjih desetletjih so na področju zaviranja nastajanja metana pri prežvekovalcih izvedli številne raziskave. Učinkovitih načinov za zmanjšanje tvorbe metana pri prežvekovalcih je več, med nje pa sodi uporaba krmnih dodatkov. K tem med drugim sodijo olja in maščobe, ki na različne načine vplivajo na mikroorganizme v vampu. Reagirajo s celičnimi membranami, inhibirajo ali stimulirajo encimske procese in imajo protimikrobne lastnosti. Najbolj učinkovite so se pri poskusih zmanjševanja nastajanja metana pri prežvekovalcih izkazale dolgo in srednjeverižne maščobne kisline, npr. tiste, ki sestavljajo kokosovo, sončnično ali laneno olje. Z njimi lahko zmanjšamo tvorbo metana v vampu za 20-30%. Še bolj učinkovita so eterična olja (EO), ki jih lahko pridobimo iz določenih rastlin z ustreznimi postopki. Najbolj učinkovita med njimi so olja klinčkov, lesa kafrovca, origana in belega timijana, s katerimi so v in vitro poskusih zavrli nastanek metanogeneze tudi do 98%. Težave pa predstavljajo visoka cena, neugodni učinki na druge elemente reje in tudi slabo razumevanje načina delovanja teh učinkovin. Both in Slovenia and globally, agriculture, especially livestock, produces a significant portion of the total greenhouse gas produced, methane. Methane is produced as a by-product in the rumen of herbivorous animals in the process of hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. This occurs through methanogenic archaea that use H2 and CO2 as substrates for the formation of CH4. H2 and CO2 are produced as fermentation end products by rumen bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. In recent decades, extensive research has been conducted in the field of suppressing methane formation in ruminants. There are several effective ways to reduce methane formation in ruminants, one of which is the use of feed additives. These include oils and fats that affect the microorganisms in the rumen in different ways. They react with cell membranes, inhibit or stimulate enzymatic processes, and have antimicrobial properties. Long- and medium-chain fatty acids, e.g. coconut, sunflower or linseed oil, have proven to be the most effective. With them, we can reduce methane formation in the rumen by 20-30%. The essential oils (EO) are even more effective, which can be extracted from certain plants using appropriate methods. The most effective among them are the oils of clove, camphor wood, oregano and white thyme, which in in vitro experiments can inhibit methanogenesis by up to 98%. However, the high price, adverse effects on other elements of animal husbandry, and lack of understanding of the mode of action of these agents currently prevent their wider use. živinoreja prežvekovalci prehrana živali krmni dodatki toplogredni plini metan animal breeding ruminants animal nutrution feed additives greenhouse gas methane true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2023-09-22 07:15:59 2023-09-22 07:16:06 2024-10-03 08:52:22 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2023 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 230511 166129411 36176.pdf 36176.pdf 1 C36CCAA6C0F5579E22CC87C18ADA4904 c9e98ea11c001e912950100606b032634b5088697d62b396539ee630aee92dbb 220045a3-5907-11ee-928f-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=175450 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0