20.500.12556/RUL-148680 Occurrence and sources of residues of drugs of abuse in an urban aquifer chemical analysis and solute transport modelling This study investigated the occurrence and potential sources of residues of drugs of abuse in an urban aquifer beneath the City of Ljubljana using water analysis and a solute transport model designed to predict nitrogen distribution. Samples were collected from three sources: 28 wastewater samples (24-h composites), 4 aquifer-recharging river samples (grab), and 22 groundwater samples. The samples were analysed for residues of commonly (ab)used licit drugs (nicotine and alcohol), medications of abuse (morphine, methadone, codeine, and ketamine), and illicit drugs (tetrahydrocannabinol – THC, cocaine, amphetamines, and heroin) using liquid-liquid (alcohol residue) and solid-phase extraction, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Additionally, we used solute transport modelling to predict the spatial distribution of drug residues in the aquifer and their potential sources. Nicotine (up to 45,7 ng/L), cotinine (up to 5.86 ng/L), trans-3′-hydroxycotinine (up to 0.528 ng/L) and benzoylecgonine (up to 0.572 ng/L) were the most commonly detected drug residues in groundwater, followed by cocaine (<LOQ). In comparison, methadone (0.054 ng/L) was detected only once. A higher prevalence of residues of drugs of abuse was observed in samples obtained at the south-eastern edge of the aquifer, downgradient from the main zone of urbanisation, agreeing with model predictions. Although drug residues were detected in river water, modelling suggests that the city's leaky sewer system is the primary source of drug residues. drugs residue wastewater groundwater solute transport modelling ostanki drog modeliranje prenosa snovi mamila odpadne vode podzemne vode ocena tveganja ekotoksikologija true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2023-08-29 09:57:28 2023-08-29 09:57:31 2023-08-30 03:40:30 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2023 0 0 8 str. Vol. 892, art. 164364 20 Sep. 2023 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 628.3:543.544.5 1879-1026 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164364 153690883 1-s2.0-S0048969723029856-main.pdf 1-s2.0-S0048969723029856-main.pdf 1 11B7490754FCD97D9BCD7503E0F53369 c4bca998f48ea68fed1abe4b9e97440b8f90f05e031c833c27af6dca11a11541 13b7bfb7-4642-11ee-a605-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=172977 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969723029856 1 b3720771-4641-11ee-a605-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=172976 Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo 0 0 0