20.500.12556/RUL-145026 Zirconia-toughened alumina ceramic wear particles do not elicit inflammatory responses in human macrophages Ten percent of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) require revision surgery. One of the reasons for THA are wear particles released from the implants that can activate the immune defense and cause osteolysis and failure of the joint implant. The discrepancies between reports on toxicity and immunogenicity of the implant materials led us to this study in which we compared toxicity and immunogenicity of well-defined nanoparticles from Al$_2$O$_3$, zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA), and cobalt chrome (CoCr), a human THP-1 macrophage cell line, human PBMCs, and therefrom-derived primary macrophages. None of the tested materials decreased the viability of THP-1 macrophages nor human primary macrophages at the 24 h time point, indicating that at concentrations from 0.05 to 50 µm$^3$/cell the tested materials are non-toxic. Forty-eight hours of treatment of THP-1 macrophages with 5 µm$^3$/cell of CoCr and Al$_2$O$_3$ caused 8.3-fold and 4.6-fold increases in TNF-α excretion, respectively, which was not observed for ZTA. The comparison between THP-1 macrophages and human primary macrophages revealed that THP-1 macrophages show higher activation of cytokine expression in the presence of CoCr and Al$_2$O$_3$ particles than primary macrophages. Our results indicate that ZTA is a non-toxic implant material with no immunogenic effects in vitro. orthopaedic implant alumina zirconia-toughened alumina ZTA nanoparticles macrophages cell viability inflammation cytokine secretion ortopedski vsadek aluminijev oksid s cirkonijem utrjeni aluminijev oksid ZTA nanodelci makrofagi sposobnost preživetja celic vnetje izločanje citokinov citokini nanomateriali vnetje true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2023-03-30 13:21:46 2023-03-30 13:21:51 2023-04-03 14:17:07 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2023 0 0 12 str. iss. 7, art. 6482 Vol. 24 2023 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 66.017-022.513.2:620.3 1422-0067 10.3390/ijms24076482 147226627 ijms-24-06482.pdf ijms-24-06482.pdf 1 A751C9C89CF28C75939C04B46D2AF4DA bc71d3e89b10c17c6a900caf989d6b6c7f62d71277be3a771660471e13d2b246 b206e500-ceed-11ed-a314-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=167649 https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/7/6482 1 f8ca7f32-ceec-11ed-a314-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=167648 Fakulteta za farmacijo Medicinska fakulteta 0 0 0