20.500.12556/RUL-144671 Extracellular vesicles a novel tool facilitating personalized medicine and pharmacogenomics in oncology Biomarkers that can guide cancer therapy based on patients’ individual cancer molecular signature can enable a more effective treatment with fewer adverse events. Data on actionable somatic mutations and germline genetic variants, studied by personalized medicine and pharmacogenomics, can be obtained from tumor tissue or blood samples. As tissue biopsy cannot reflect the heterogeneity of the tumor or its temporal changes, liquid biopsy is a promising alternative approach. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a potential source of biomarkers in liquid biopsy. EVs are a heterogeneous population of membrane bound particles, which are released from all cells and accumulate into body fluids. They contain various proteins, lipids, nucleic acids (miRNA, mRNA, and DNA) and metabolites. In cancer, EV biomolecular composition and concentration are changed. Tumor EVs can promote the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment and pre-metastatic niche formation, and contribute to transfer of oncogenic potential or drug resistance during chemotherapy. This makes them a promising source of minimally invasive biomarkers. A limited number of clinical studies investigated EVs to monitor cancer progression, tumor evolution or drug resistance and several putative EV-bound protein and RNA biomarkers were identified. This review is focused on EVs as novel biomarker source for personalized medicine and pharmacogenomics in oncology. As several pharmacogenes and genes associated with targeted therapy, chemotherapy or hormonal therapy were already detected in EVs, they might be used for fine-tuning personalized cancer treatment. pharmacogenomics cancer personalized medicine extracellular vesicle liquid biopsy biomarker farmakogenomika rak prilagojena medicina true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2023-03-07 14:15:14 2023-03-07 14:15:19 2023-03-08 03:33:19 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2021 0 0 16 str. Vol. 12, art. 671298 2021 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 616-006 1663-9812 10.3389/fphar.2021.671298 61604099 fphar-12-671298.pdf fphar-12-671298.pdf 1 71F54F2EEFD3B4AFA7B35217FDAF31AD a5ee761929104bc10ed4b4ea0657be30aacf51714c8f2dad3559c9d00ed7e043 60ab3cd1-bcea-11ed-a314-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=167129 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.671298/full 0 3b3f9fa3-bcea-11ed-a314-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=167128 Medicinska fakulteta 0 0 0