20.500.12556/RUL-144317 Fabrication of antibacterial TiO$_2$ nanostructured surfaces using the hydrothermal method Implant-associated infections (IAI) are a common cause for implant failure, increased medical costs, and critical for patient healthcare. Infections are a result of bacterial colonization, which leads to biofilm formation on the implant surface. Nanostructured surfaces have been shown to have the potential to inhibit bacterial adhesion mainly due to antibacterial efficacy of their unique surface nanotopography. The change in topography affects the physicochemical properties of their surface such as surface chemistry, morphology, wettability, surface charge, and even electric field which influences the biological response. In this study, a conventional and cost-effective hydrothermal method was used to fabricate nanoscale protrusions of various dimensions on the surface of Ti, Ti$_6$Al$_4$V, and NiTi materials, commonly used in biomedical applications. The morphology, surface chemistry, and wettability were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and water contact angle analysis. The antibacterial efficacy of the synthesized nanostructures was analyzed by the use of Escherichia coli bacterial strain. XPS analysis revealed that the concentration of oxygen and titanium increased on Ti and Ti$_6$Al$_4$V, which indicates that TiO$_2$ is formed on the surface. The concentration of oxygen and titanium however decreased on the NiTi surface after hydrothermal treatment, and also a small amount of Ni was detected. SEM analysis showed that by hydrothermal treatment alterations in the surface topography of the TiO$_2$ layer could be achieved. The oxide layer on the NiTi prepared by the hydrothermal method contains a low amount of Ni (2.8 atom %), which is especially important for implantable materials. The results revealed that nanostructured surfaces significantly reduced bacterial adhesion on the Ti, Ti$_6$Al$_4$V, and NiTi surface compared to the untreated surfaces used as a control. Furthermore, two sterilization techniques were also studied to evaluate the stability of the nanostructure and its influence on the antibacterial activity. Sterilization with UV light seems to more efficiently inhibit bacterial growth on the hydrothermally modified Ti$_6$Al$_4$V surface, which was further reduced for hydrothermally treated Ti and NiTi. The developed nanostructured surfaces of Ti and its alloys can pave a way for the fabrication of antibacterial surfaces that reduce the likelihood of IAI. titanium surface modification microstructure nanostructure cell response biocompatibility bacteria implants oxides surface morphology X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy površinske modifikacije mikrostruktura nanostruktura celični odziv biokompatibilnost titan true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2023-02-14 12:34:34 2023-02-14 12:34:35 2023-02-22 11:19:00 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2022 0 0 Str. 47070-47077 iss. 50 Vol. 7 Dec. 2022 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 620.1/.2 2470-1343 10.1021/acsomega.2c06175 133189379 acsomega.2c06175.pdf acsomega.2c06175.pdf 1 0F2DC2D0E688A966CA13C9E92F5C5079 f22a9ff8b6c2351a92d2115f831e2b9af7f9f358ede18947548f03dbb41ff0cc 65388677-ac5b-11ed-9c94-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=166566 https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.2c06175 0 566530d5-ac5b-11ed-9c94-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=166565 Fakulteta za elektrotehniko Zdravstvena fakulteta Medicinska fakulteta 0 0 0