20.500.12556/RUL-141922 Lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria deliberately introduced into the agro-food chain do not significantly increase the antimicrobial resistance gene pool Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria may serve as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance, but the risk posed by strains intentionally introduced into the agro-food chain has not yet been thoroughly investigated. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether probiotics, starter and protective cultures, and feed additives represent a risk to human health. In addition to commercial strains of LAB and bifidobacteria, isolates from human milk or colostrum, intestinal mucosa or feces, and fermented products were analyzed. Phenotypic susceptibility data of 474 strains showed that antimicrobial resistance was more common in intestinal isolates than in commercial strains. Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were characterized in the whole genome sequences of 1114 strains using comparative genomics. Intrinsic ARGs were abundant in enterococci, bifidobacteria, and lactococci but were considered non-risky due to the absence of MGEs. The results revealed that 13.8% of commercial strains contained acquired ARGs, most frequently for tetracycline. We associated 75.5% of the acquired ARGs with known or novel MGEs, and their potential for transmission was assessed by examining metagenomic sequences. We confirmed that ARGs and MGEs were not as abundant or diverse in commercial strains as in human intestinal isolates or isolates from human milk, suggesting that strains intentionally introduced into the agro-food chain do not pose a significant threat. However, attention should be paid especially to individual probiotic strains containing elements that have been shown to have high potential for transferability in the gut microbiota. Lactic acid bacteria bifidobacteria probiotic starter culture antimicrobial resistance resistance gene mobile genetic element metagenomes whole genome sequences mikrobiologija mlečnokislinske bakterije bifidobakterije agroživilska veriga odpornost genetika true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2022-10-11 14:06:55 2022-10-11 14:06:56 2024-02-02 03:54:06 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2022 0 0 17 str. no. 1, art. e2127438 Vol. 14 2022 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 579:575 1949-0984 10.1080/19490976.2022.2127438 123511555 Lactic_acid_bacteria_and_bifidobacteria_deliberately_introduced_into.pdf Lactic_acid_bacteria_and_bifidobacteria_deliberately_introduced_into.pdf 1 431E21FABF6C8EE5AE6D2571754A52FE c0ce78dada6febece7a5d0474d7e29f5aa88a88b2029c770e502f646b469719b ea47645f-c0e7-11ee-9ffb-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=180475 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19490976.2022.2127438 1 2b63e49b-495d-11ed-9c94-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=163114 Biotehniška fakulteta Veterinarska fakulteta 0 0 0