20.500.12556/RUL-139607 A user study of directional tactile and auditory user interfaces for take-over requests in conditionally automated vehicles General introduction of unconditionally and conditionally automated vehicles is expected to have a highly positive impact on the society, from increased accessibility to mobility and road traffic safety, to decreased environmental and economic negative impacts. However, there are several obstacles and risks slowing down the adoption of this technology, which are primarily related to the human–machine interaction (HMI) and exchange of control between the vehicle and the human driver. In this article, we present key takeaways for HMI design of take-over requests (TOR) that the vehicle issues to inform the driver to take over control of the vehicle. The key takeaways were developed based on the results of a user study, where directional tactile-ambient (visual) and auditory-ambient (visual) TOR user interfaces (UI) were evaluated with regards to commonly used take-over quality aspects (attention redirection, take-over time, correct interpretation of stimuli, off-road drive, brake application, lateral acceleration, minimal time-to-collision and occurrence of collision). 36 participants took part in the mixed design study, which was conducted in a driving simulator. The results showed that drivers’ attention was statistically significantly faster redirected with the auditory-ambient UI, however using the tactile-ambient UI resulted in less off-road driving and slightly less collisions. The results also revealed that drivers correctly interpreted the directional TOR stimuli more often than the non-directional one. Based on the study results, a list of key takeaways was developed and is presented in the conclusion of the paper. The results from this study are especially relevant to the TOR UI designers and the automotive industry, which tend to provide the most usable UI for ensuring safer end efficient human-vehicle interaction during the TOR task. take-over conditionally automated vehicle user interface key takeaways driving simulators user studies prevzem vodenja pogojno avtonomna vožnja uporabniški vmesniki priporočila simulatorji vožnje uporabniške študije true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2022-09-05 14:55:58 2022-09-05 14:55:59 2022-09-16 04:11:21 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2022 0 0 11 str. art. 106766 Vol. 174 Sep. 2022 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 007.52:656.052 0001-4575 10.1016/j.aap.2022.106766 115669763 1-s2.0-S0001457522002020-main.pdf 1-s2.0-S0001457522002020-main.pdf 1 9C1178C140BE302F84A4DABEB99B1EAC 0e9061c32d1d4cde942a56c44b38011c291894335264b9046b60dbf21404bca3 49317856-2d1a-11ed-92af-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=160194 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001457522002020 0 2145246b-2d1a-11ed-92af-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=160193 Fakulteta za elektrotehniko 0 0 0