20.500.12556/RUL-139534 Kompostiranje odpadne ovčje volne in perutninskega perja Composting of waste sheep wool and poultry feathers Volna in perutninsko perje sta zgrajena pretežno iz keratina in sta vse bolj pogosta odpadna materiala, ki pa imata zaradi težke razgradljivosti posredno negativen učinek na okolje. Kompostiranje je aeroben proces razgradnje organskih snovi, katerega produkte lahko koristimo za nadaljno uporabo. Pri procesu kompostiranja sodelujejo različni mikroorganizmi (bakterije, aktinomicete, glive in praživali), ki s svojimi encimi cepijo vezi v makromolekulah in organsko snov mineralizirajo. Keratinske odpadke razgradijo keratinolitični mikroorganizmi z encimi keratinazami, postopek poteka dvostopenjsko, najprej se cepijo disulfidne vezi v stopnji sulfitolize. Nato je molekula dostopna za proteolizo, kjer razpade na manjše peptide in aminokisline. Številni keratinolitični mikroorganizmi so bili do sedaj izolirani in preučeni, kar je omogočilo nadaljne raziskave, kako izboljšati proces kompostiranja keratinolitičnih materialov in ga prenesti na industrijsko raven. Eden uspešnejših keratinolitičnih sevov je Streptomyces sp. SCUT-3, njegovo produktivnost je možno izboljšati z večjim dotokom zraka in s spremembami na genetskem nivoju. Tako pospešimo proces kompostiranja odpadne volne in perja, v kombinaciji z dodajanjem mešanih kultur keratinolitičnih mikroorganizmov in materiali za povečevanje prostornine, kot sta riževa ali pšenična slama. Wool and poultry feathers are mainly made of keratin. Their waste materials are increasing which due to their difficult degradability, have an indirect negative effect on the environment. Composting is an aerobic process of decomposition of organic materials, the products of which can be used for further use. Various microorganisms (bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and protozoa) participate in the composting process. They use their enzymes to cleave the bonds in macromolecules and mineralize the organic matter. Keratin waste is broken down by keratinolytic microorganisms with keratinase enzymes. The process takes place in two stages, first the disulfide bonds are split in the sulfitolysis stage. The molecule is then accessible for proteolysis, where it breaks down into smaller peptides and amino acids. Many keratinolytic microorganisms have been isolated and studied so far, which has enabled further research on how to improve the composting process of keratinolytic materials and transfer it to an industrial level. One of the more successful keratinolytic strains is Streptomyces sp. SCUT-3, whose productivity can be improved with more air flow and changes at the genetic level. With these methods we can accelerate the composting process of waste wool and feathers in combination with the addition of mixed cultures of keratinolytic microorganisms and different bulking agents, like rice or wheat straw. kompostiranje perutninsko perje volna keratinski odpadki keratinolitični mikroorganizmi composting poultry feathers wool keratin waste keratinolytic microorganisms true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2022-09-04 07:15:43 2022-09-04 07:15:56 2022-10-11 14:11:21 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2022 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 208560 125151491 24696.pdf 24696.pdf 1 9FB29C3B4C1AFE82B43C3923A137AEE9 b6be4655c1b62f1bdda18948c6ce5a2b30bb8a0b76bc7838e891a598b8ae0ad8 9c1bb2ee-2c10-11ed-92af-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=160108 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0