20.500.12556/RUL-138384 Microplastics, chlorpyrifos and their mixtures modulate immune processes in the terrestrial crustacean Porcellio scaber Microplastics and agrochemicals are common pollutants in terrestrial ecosystems. Their interaction during coexistence in soils may influence their fate and adverse effects on terrestrial organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate how the exposure to two types of microplastics; polyester fibres, and crumb rubber; induce changes in immune parameters of Porcellio scaber and if the co-exposure of microplastics affects the response induced by the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos. A number of immune parameters, such as total haemocyte count, differential haemocyte count, and phenoloxidase-like activity were assessed. In addition, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the haemolymph was evaluated as a measure of the bioavailability of chlorpyrifos. After three weeks of exposure, the most noticeable changes in the measured immune parameters and also a significantly reduced AChE activity were seen in chlorpyrifos-exposed animals. Both types of microplastic at environmentally relevant concentrations caused only slight changes in immune parameters which were not dependent on the type of microplastic, although the two types differed significantly in terms of the chemical complexity of the additives. Mixtures of chlorpyrifos and microplastics induced changes that differed from individual exposures. For example, alterations in some measured parameters suggested a reduced bioavailability of chlorpyrifos (AChE activity, haemocyte viability) caused by both types of microplastics exposure, but the increase of haemocyte count was promoted by the presence of fibres implying their joint action. In conclusion, this study suggests that immune processes in P. scaber are slightly changed upon exposure to both types of microplastics and microplastics can significantly modulate the effects of other co-exposed chemicals. Further research is needed on the short-term and long-term joint effects of microplastics and agrochemicals on the immunity of soil invertebrates. polyester fibres crumb rubber particles from end-of-life tyre wear organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos immune response microplastics mixture imunski odziv kopenski enakonožec Porcellio scaber mikroplastika pesticidi true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2022-07-19 08:52:28 2022-07-19 08:52:30 2022-09-15 04:16:42 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2021 0 0 11 str. art. 144900 Vol. 772 10 Jun. 2021 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 574 1879-1026 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144900 50391555 1-s2.0-S0048969720384333-main.pdf 1-s2.0-S0048969720384333-main.pdf 1 4244A8F964ED123F2397F92E7C0D4152 697b1d8bdad08796c550110b071a324fd57cec1505e7f0d9057ea9f3b7bffb4a 79d141c1-072f-11ed-8aca-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=158683 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720384333 0 1d5ceb92-072f-11ed-8aca-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=158682 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0