20.500.12556/RUL-137232 Phenolic characterization and bioactivity of fennel seed (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) extracts isolated by microwave-assisted and conventional extraction The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) as an environmentally friendly approach compared to conventional heat-reflux extraction (CE) for the isolation of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) seed polyphenols and to assess the bioactivity of the obtained extracts. Water, ethanol (30%, v/v) and acetone (30%, v/v) were used as extraction solvents, and the extraction was carried out varying the temperature (40, 60 and 80 °C), irradiation time (5 and 10 min) and microwave power (300 and 600 W). According to the total phenolic content (TPC), 30% acetone at 80 °C after 5 min of irradiation at 300 W proved to be the optimal MAE conditions for obtaining the highest yield of polyphenols. The phenolic profile of both extracts comprised 21 compounds, with cinnamic acids and flavonols being the most abundant. When compared to CE, the MAE extract showed a lower amount of TPC as well as the sum of all identified individual phenols, although both extracts showed similar antioxidant capacity. The antimicrobial activity of the extract with the highest phenolic content was weak, showing inhibitory activity only against Pseudomonas fragi, Shewanella putrefaciens and Campylobacter jejuni strains, while Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts were not sensitive to the extract. Foeniculum vulgare Mill. fennel seeds microwave-assisted extraction heat-reflux extraction polyphenols antioxidant capacity antimicrobial activity microdilution UPLC-MS/MS ORAC koromač ekstrakcija z mikrovalovi pospešena ekstrakcija polifenoli antioksidativni potencial protimikrobno delovanje mikrodilucija true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2022-06-08 08:13:13 2022-06-08 08:13:21 2022-09-15 04:14:49 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2022 0 0 16 str. iss. 3, art. 510 Vol. 10 2022 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 579.67:579.24:547.9:66.061 2227-9717 10.3390/pr10030510 99914499 processes-10-00510-v2.pdf processes-10-00510-v2.pdf 1 45CADB355118E4AFF0FAAA7FA21BB078 b1343361e688e76ea3c92e7df51708594d612a71798b2be0d9fafa12a7b70027 304dc135-e6f2-11ec-8aca-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=157114 https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/10/3/510 0 f03b39b1-e6f1-11ec-8aca-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=157113 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0