20.500.12556/RUL-137045 Viral and host genetic and epigenetic biomarkers related to SARS-CoV-2 cell entry, infection rate, and disease severity The rapid spread of COVID-19 outbreak lead to a global pandemic declared in March 2020. The common features of corona virus family helped to resolve structural characteristics and entry mechanism of SARS-CoV-2. However, rapid mutagenesis leads to the emergence of new strains that may have different reproduction rates or infectivity and may impact the course and severity of the disease. Host related factors may also play a role in the susceptibility for infection as well as the severity and outcomes of the COVID-19. We have performed a literature and database search to summarize potential viral and host-related genomic and epigenomic biomarkers, such as genetic variability, miRNA, and DNA methylation in the molecular pathway of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the host cell, that may be related to COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. Bioinformatics tools may help to predict the effect of mutations in the spike protein on the binding to the ACE2 receptor and the infectivity of the strain. SARS-CoV-2 may also target several transcription factors and tumour suppressor genes, thus influencing the expression of different host genes and affecting cell signalling. In addition, the virus may interfere with RNA expression in host cells by exploiting endogenous miRNA and its viral RNA. Our analysis showed that numerous human miRNA may form duplexes with different coding and non-coding regions of viral RNA. Polymorphisms in human genes responsible for viral entry and replication, as well as in molecular damage response and inflammatory pathways may also contribute to disease prognosis and outcome. Gene ontology analysis shows that proteins encoded by such polymorphic genes are highly interconnected in regulation of defense response. Thus, virus and host related genetic and epigenetic biomarkers may help to predict the course of the disease and the response to treatment. COVID-19 epigenetics biomarkers genetics miRNA polymorphisms SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 epigenetika biomarkerji true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2022-05-31 09:30:49 2022-05-31 09:30:54 2022-09-15 04:14:37 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2022 0 0 23 str. iss. 2, art. 178 Vol. 11 2022 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 616.9 2079-7737 10.3390/biology11020178 94692355 biology-11-00178.pdf biology-11-00178.pdf 1 20AE50014C725DC1A01A64AFB469F41E 362546ece16c1535e659a8672afacd3bb7750a6e6a9982a07921026cf2bbf515 a2711e7d-e0b3-11ec-8aca-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=156909 https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/2/178 1 7649dec2-e0b3-11ec-8aca-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=156908 Medicinska fakulteta 0 0 0