20.500.12556/RUL-135642 Greenhouse gas emissions of stationary battery installations in two renewable energy projects The goal to decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is spurring interest in renewable energy systems from time-varying sources (e.g., photovoltaics, wind) and these can require batteries to help load balancing. However, the batteries themselves add additional GHG emissions to the electricity system in all its life cycle phases. This article begins by investigating the GHG emissions for the manufacturing of two stationary lithium-ion batteries, comparing production in Europe, US and China. Next, we analyze how the installation and operation of these batteries change the GHG emissions of the electricity supply in two pilot sites. Life cycle assessment is used for GHG emissions calculation. The regional comparison on GHG emissions of battery manufacturing shows that primary aluminum, cathode paste and battery cell production are the principal components of the GHG emissions of battery manufacturing. Regional variations are linked mainly to high grid electricity demand and regional changes in the electricity mixes, resulting in base values of 77 kg CO$_2$-eq/kWh to 153 kg CO$_2$-eq/kWh battery capacity. The assessment of two pilot sites shows that the implementation of batteries can lead to GHG emission savings of up to 77%, if their operation enables an increase in renewable energy sources in the electricity system. greenhouse gas emissions energy storage impact LCA analysis renewables energy storage batteries renewable energy life cycle assessment emisije toplogrednih plinov vpliv shranjevalnikov energije LCA analiza obnovljivi viri energije true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2022-03-23 11:17:27 2022-03-23 11:17:29 2022-09-14 04:14:25 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2021 0 0 19 str. iss. 11, art. 6330 Vol. 13 Jun. 2021 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 620.9 2071-1050 10.3390/su13116330 66158339 RAZ_Pucker-Singer_Johanna_2021.pdf RAZ_Pucker-Singer_Johanna_2021.pdf 1 A3247E68DA3723F3B7176E11E120D77F b3a711499fb7df87d3bb4256605655188f933bdc4fdfe2ff796a6d4f4df6f827 cbc31dd3-aa92-11ec-8aca-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=154845 https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/11/6330 0 a9b6438c-aa92-11ec-8aca-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=154844 Fakulteta za elektrotehniko 0 0 0