20.500.12556/RUL-133742 Extraction and identification of a wide range of microplastic polymers in soil and compost Microplastic pollution is globally widespread; however, the presence of microplastics in soil systems is poorly understood, due to the complexity of soils and a lack of standardised extraction methods. Two commonly used extraction methods were optimised and compared for the extraction of low-density (polyethylene (PE)) and high-density microplastics (polyethylene (PET)), olive-oil-based extraction, and density separation with zinc chloride (ZnCl2). Comparable recoveries in a low-organic-matter matrix (soil; most >98%) were observed, but in a high-organic-matter matrix (compost), density separation yielded higher recoveries (98 ± 4% vs. 80 ± 11%). Density separation was further tested for the extraction of five microplastic polymers spiked at different concentrations. Recoveries were >93% for both soil and compost, with no differences between matrices and individual polymers. Reduction in levels of organic matter in compost was tested before and after extraction, as well as combined. Double oxidation (Fenton’s reagent and 1 M NaOH) exhibited the highest reduction in organic matter. Extracted microplastic polymers were further identified via headspace solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME–GC–MS). This method has shown the potential for descriptive quantification of microplastic polymers. A linear relationship between the number of particles and the signal response was demonstrated for PET, polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and PE (R$^2$ > 0.98 in alluvial soil, and R$^2$ > 0.80 in compost). The extraction and identification methods were demonstrated on an environmental sample of municipal biowaste compost, with the recovery of 36 ± 9 microplastic particles per 10 g of compost, and the detection of PS and PP. microplastic extraction oil extraction density separation GC–MS mass spectrometry plastic polymers polyethylene terephthalate polyethylene mass spectrometry identification terrestrial environments ekstrakcija mikroplastike pridobivanje olja ločevanje gostote GC–MS masna spektrometrija plastični polimeri polietilen tereftalat polietilen true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2021-12-13 13:17:51 2021-12-13 13:17:52 2022-09-13 03:52:27 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2021 0 0 16 str. iss. 23, art. 4069 Vol. 13 2021 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 543.51:691.175 2073-4360 10.3390/polym13234069 89126147 RAZ_Prosenc_Franja_2021.pdf RAZ_Prosenc_Franja_2021.pdf 1 5DF998C9A6C39595E49B93216877196C 2442fe0b5c03720cc0c51815b1235dc462c5ef9af32af310da5d4e4378b80da1 5e68e3ec-5c0f-11ec-abdb-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=152064 https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/23/4069 1 93c4d750-5c0e-11ec-abdb-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=152062 Zdravstvena fakulteta 0 0 0