20.500.12556/RUL-133282 Dissection of dynamic transcriptome landscape of leaf, bract, and lupulin gland in hop (Humulus lupulus L.) The hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.) produces several valuable secondary metabolites, such as prenylflavonoid, bitter acids, and essential oils. These compounds are biosynthesized in glandular trichomes (lupulin glands) endowed with pharmacological properties and widely implicated in the beer brewing industry. The present study is an attempt to generate exhaustive information of transcriptome dynamics and gene regulatory mechanisms involved in biosynthesis and regulation of these compounds, developmental changes including trichome development at three development stages, namely leaf, bract, and mature lupulin glands. Using high-throughput RNA-Seq technology, a total of 61.13, 50.01, and 20.18 Mb clean reads in the leaf, bract, and lupulin gland libraries, respectively, were obtained and assembled into 43,550 unigenes. The putative functions were assigned to 30,996 transcripts (71.17%) based on basic local alignment search tool similarity searches against public sequence databases, including GO, KEGG, NR, and COG families, which indicated that genes are principally involved in fundamental cellular and molecular functions, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The expression levels of all unigenes were analyzed in leaf, bract, and lupulin glands tissues of hop. The expression profile of transcript encoding enzymes of BCAA metabolism, MEP, and shikimate pathway was most up-regulated in lupulin glands compared with leaves and bracts. Similarly, the expression levels of the transcription factors and structural genes that directly encode enzymes involved in xanthohumol, bitter acids, and terpenoids biosynthesis pathway were found to be significantly enhanced in lupulin glands, suggesting that production of these metabolites increases after the leaf development. In addition, numerous genes involved in primary metabolism, lipid metabolism, photosynthesis, generation of precursor metabolites/energy, protein modification, transporter activity, and cell wall component biogenesis were differentially regulated in three developmental stages, suggesting their involvement in the dynamics of the lupulin gland development. The identification of differentially regulated trichome-related genes provided a new foundation for molecular research on trichome development and differentiation in hop. In conclusion, the reported results provide directions for future functional genomics studies for genetic engineering or molecular breeding for augmentation of secondary metabolite content in hop. bitter acids prenylflavonoids terpenoids trichome Humulus lupulus lupulin glands RNA sequencing hmelj genetika RNA sekvenciranje sekundarni metaboliti molekularna biologija true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2021-11-19 10:57:19 2021-11-19 10:57:20 2022-09-12 04:15:38 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2020 0 0 24 str. iss. 1, art. 233 Vol. 21 2020 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 577.2 1422-0067 10.3390/ijms21010233 9402745 RAZ_Kumar_Mishra_Ajay_2020.pdf RAZ_Kumar_Mishra_Ajay_2020.pdf 1 B2625D00B11E655EA321F55D1448D76E fb068b1aa6dcecdf512fbf1378c120937fee58a09e5425a36e7bb6e7a323eb7a 4e9890a7-491f-11ec-abdb-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=151197 https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/1/233 0 31166a2a-491f-11ec-abdb-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=151196 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0