20.500.12556/RUL-133253 Evaluation of welfare in commercial turkey flocks of both sexes using the transect walk method The study was conducted between March and September 2019 in six meat-type turkey flocks with similar management standard procedures using the transect walk method. The concept of the method is based on visual observation of the birds while slowly walking across the entire farm in predetermined transects. Each flock was evaluated at three different times during the fattening cycle: at 3 to 4, 12 to 13, and 19 to 20 weeks of age, and total number of males and females that were immobile or lame, had visible head, vent, or back wounds, were small, featherless, dirty, or sick, had pendulous crop, or showed aggression toward birds or humans were recorded. At each visit, NH$_3$ and CO$_2$ were measured within the facilities. In the first assessment, the most frequently observed welfare indicators were small size (0.87%) and immobility (0.08%). Males showed a significantly higher prevalence of small size (p < 0.01), sickness (p < 0.05), and dirtiness (p < 0.1) compared to females. In the second assessment, the most common findings in both sexes were dirtiness (1.65%) and poor feather condition (1.06%), followed by immobility (0.28%). Males were significantly dirtier (p < 0.001), had more immobile birds (p < 0.01) and birds with vent wounds (p < 0.1), but had fewer sick birds (p < 0.05). In the last assessment, an increase in immobile, lame, sick, and dead birds was recorded, indicating an increase in health problems. Higher CO$_2$ (3000 and 4433 ppm) and NH$_3$ (40 and 27.6 ppm) values were noted only at the first assessment in two facilities. Further analyses showed that slightly elevated NH$_3$ and CO$_2$ levels did not influence the occurrence of welfare indicators. This study is the first description of the welfare of commercial turkey flocks in Slovenia. welfare mixed commercial turkey flocks on-farm assessment animal welfare turkeys true false true Angleški jezik Ni določen Članek v reviji 2021-11-18 11:33:53 2021-11-18 11:33:53 2022-09-12 04:15:30 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2021 0 0 12 str. iss. 11, art. 3253 Vol. 11 2021 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 636.09 2076-2615 10.3390/ani11113253 84990211 RAZ_Mlakar_Nina_2021.pdf RAZ_Mlakar_Nina_2021.pdf 1 8DB5A1CB5226F54B9956C8A64B8D17D8 8fdad1433e660d1e56ffaefbb997da11cbd4b355045ca1c088c475298e0e1a03 e3d7292c-485c-11ec-abdb-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=151152 https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3253 0 f4a5a647-485a-11ec-abdb-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=151151 Veterinarska fakulteta Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0