20.500.12556/RUL-132247 LDAF Low-Bandwidth Distributed Applications Framework in a use case of blockchain-enabled IoT devices In this paper, we present Low-Bandwidth Distributed Applications Framework (LDAF)—an application-aware gateway for communication-constrained Internet of things (IoT) devices. A modular approach facilitates connecting to existing cloud backend servers and managing message formats and APIs’ native application logic to meet the communication constraints of resource-limited end devices. We investigated options for positioning the LDAF server in fog computing architectures. We demonstrated the approach in three use cases: (i) a simple domain name system (DNS) query from the device to a DNS server, (ii) a complex interaction of a blockchain—based IoT device with a blockchain network, and (iii) difference based patching of binary (system) files at the IoT end devices. In a blockchain smart meter use case we effectively enabled decentralized applications (DApp) for devices that without our solution could not participate in a blockchain network. Employing the more efficient binary content encoding, we reduced the periodic traffic from 16 kB/s to ~1.1 kB/s, i.e., 7% of the initial traffic. With additional optimization of the application protocol in the gateway and message filtering, the periodic traffic was reduced to ~1% of the initial traffic, without any tradeoffs in the application’s functionality or security. Using a function of binary difference we managed to reduce the size of the communication traffic to the end device, at least when the binary patch was smaller than the patching file. fog computing internet of things communication constrains gateway blockchain računalništvo v megli internet stvari komunikacijske omejitve prehod blokovne verige true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2021-10-19 11:19:27 2021-10-19 11:19:27 2022-09-12 04:11:37 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2019 0 0 15 str. iss. 10, art. 2337 Vol. 19 May-2 2019 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 621.39:004 1424-8220 10.3390/s19102337 12534612 RAZ_Pustisek_Matevz_2019.pdf RAZ_Pustisek_Matevz_2019.pdf 1 4256A364113535C0F9C3AF5600FCE2C6 d1b643ff12942415682c3cec465920cbebd4e78e7c8d4fa3e789c039c0f1f5bb da481b2a-30bd-11ec-abdb-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=149820 https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/10/2337 1 a63ccf09-30bd-11ec-abdb-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=149818 Fakulteta za elektrotehniko 0 0 0