20.500.12556/RUL-131263
Astrocytic pathological calcium homeostasis and impaired vesicle trafficking in neurodegeneration
Although the central nervous system (CNS) consists of highly heterogeneous populations of neurones and glial cells, clustered into diverse anatomical regions with specific functions, there are some conditions, including alertness, awareness and attention that require simultaneous, coordinated and spatially homogeneous activity within a large area of the brain. During such events, the brain, representing only about two percent of body mass, but consuming one fifth of body glucose at rest, needs additional energy to be produced. How simultaneous energy procurement in a relatively extended area of the brain takes place is poorly understood. This mechanism is likely to be impaired in neurodegeneration, for example in Alzheimer’s disease, the hallmark of which is brain hypometabolism. Astrocytes, the main neural cell type producing and storing glycogen, a form of energy in the brain, also hold the key to metabolic and homeostatic support in the central nervous system and are impaired in neurodegeneration, contributing to the slow decline of excitation-energy coupling in the brain. Many mechanisms are affected, including cell-to-cell signalling. An important question is how changes in cellular signalling, a process taking place in a rather short time domain, contribute to the neurodegeneration that develops over decades. In this review we focus initially on the slow dynamics of Alzheimer’s disease, and on the activity of locus coeruleus, a brainstem nucleus involved in arousal. Subsequently, we overview much faster processes of vesicle traffic and cytosolic calcium dynamics, both of which shape the signalling landscape of astrocyte-neurone communication in health and neurodegeneration.
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
neurodegeneration
astrocyte
glia
vesicle traffic
calcium homeostasis
cAMP
neurodegeneration
locus coeruleus
noradrenaline
excitation-energy coupling
Alzheimerjeva bolezen
Parkinsonova bolezen
nevrodegeneracija
true
false
true
Angleški jezik
Slovenski jezik
Članek v reviji
2021-09-24 10:33:19
2021-09-24 10:33:22
2022-09-10 04:11:00
0000-00-00 00:00:00
2017
0
0
19 str.
iss. 2, art. 358
Vol. 18
Feb. 2017
0000-00-00
Zaloznikova
Objavljeno
NiDoloceno
0000-00-00
0000-00-00
0000-00-00
616.8
1422-0067
10.3390/ijms18020358
33094617
RAZ_Vardjan_Nina_2017.pdf
RAZ_Vardjan_Nina_2017.pdf
1
272EAB62AE947E55FD2E1EE7E5E6264A
d7add013241a936791f2fd3b5d44e6977e0895da05fe0683b0dea7a855f7aca3
2074ad1a-1d12-11ec-a523-00155dcfd717
https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=148565
http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/2/358
1
ceb683e5-1d11-11ec-a523-00155dcfd717
https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=148564
Medicinska fakulteta
0
0
0