20.500.12556/RUL-130317 Suitability of smartphone inertial sensors for real-time biofeedback applications This article studies the suitability of smartphones with built-in inertial sensors for biofeedback applications. Biofeedback systems use various sensors to measure body functions and parameters. These sensor data are analyzed, and the results are communicated back to the user, who then tries to act on the feedback signals. Smartphone inertial sensors can be used to capture body movements in biomechanical biofeedback systems. These sensors exhibit various inaccuracies that induce significant angular and positional errors. We studied deterministic and random errors of smartphone accelerometers and gyroscopes, primarily focusing on their biases. Based on extensive measurements, we determined accelerometer and gyroscope noise models and bias variation ranges. Then, we compiled a table of predicted positional and angular errors under various biofeedback system operation conditions. We suggest several bias compensation options that are suitable for various examples of use in real-time biofeedback applications. Measurements within the developed experimental biofeedback application show that under certain conditions, even uncompensated sensors can be used for real-time biofeedback. For general use, especially for more demanding biofeedback applications, sensor biases should be compensated. We are convinced that real-time biofeedback systems based on smartphone inertial sensors are applicable to many similar examples in sports, healthcare, and other areas. biofeedback system smartphone sensors MEMS sensors sensor noise Allan variance bias error bias compensation real-time biofeedback application sistem z biološko povratno zanko senzorji pametnih telefonov MEMS senzorji šum senzorjev Allan varianca napaka ničelne vrednosti kompenzacija ničelne vrednosti aplikacija z biološko povratno vezavo v realnem času true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2021-09-13 15:12:05 2021-09-13 15:12:06 2023-05-26 03:41:40 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2016 0 0 21 str. iss. 3, art. 301 Vol. 16 Mar. 2016 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 621.39 1424-8220 10.3390/s16030301 11297876 RAZ_Kos_Anton_2016.pdf RAZ_Kos_Anton_2016.pdf 1 FFCD7CB3256239010D393F20CC73A9D9 833ac2cbac6ba0eed477897f3e53843bbeea12abbe24b2d0e74fa15c325ef14e bbb0c860-1494-11ec-a523-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=147406 http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/3/301 1 f10e9ea8-1493-11ec-a523-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=147405 Fakulteta za elektrotehniko 0 0 0