20.500.12556/RUL-129772 Novejši pristopi genetskih modifikacij rastlin za obrambo proti virusom New approaches of plant genetic modifications for defence against viruses Rastlinski virusi so intracelulearni patogeni, ki povzročajo veliko škodo v kmetijstvu. Virusne bolezni povzročajo občuten padec v kvaliteti in količini pridelka, kar ogroža svetovno preskrbo s hrano. Tradicionalne metode nadzora nad virusi niso zadosti učinkovite, zato so vse bolj pomembni novi biotehnološki pristopi. Prvi takšen pristop je zaščita na osnovi RNA interference (RNAi). RNA interferenca je sekvenčno specifičen mehanizem za utišanje genov, ki ga posredujejo majhne interferenčne RNA ali mikroRNA. Ta tehnologija je že bila uporabljena za obrambo mnogo gospodarsko pomembnih rastlin pred virusi, kot so krompirjev Y virus (PVY), virus mozaika kumare (CMV), virus šarke (PPV) in virus obročkaste pegavosti papaje (PRV). Drugi pristop uporablja različne proteinske in encimske sisteme, ki specifično ciljajo viruse in njihove sestavne dele ter s tem zagotavljajo zaščito pred virusi. Med te sisteme spadajo tehnologije preurejanja genoma, kot so ZFN, TALEN in CRISPR-Cas. Študije so pokazale, da so te metode učinkovite v obrambi pred številnimi rastlinskimi virusi še posebej pred virusi iz družin Geminiviridae in Potyviridae. Plant viruses are intracellular pathogens that cause great damage in agriculture. Viral diseases present a threat to world’s food supply as they significantly reduce crop quality and yield. Traditional methods of virus control are not effective, therefore new biotechnological approaches are gaining importance. First strategy is protection based on RNA interference (RNAi). RNA interference is sequence-specific mechanism for gene silencing, mediated by small interfering RNAs or microRNAs. This technology has already been used to protect many economically important plants against viruses such as potato Y virus (PVY), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), plum pox virus (PPV) and papaya ringspot virus (PRV). The second approach uses different protein and enzyme systems that specifically target viruses and their components, thus providing protection against viruses. These systems include genome editing technologies such as ZFN, TALEN and CRISPR-Cas. Studies have shown that these plant modification methods are effective in protecting plants against several plant viruses, especially viruses from the families Geminiviridae and Potyviridae. rastlinski virusi RNAi ZFN TALEN CRISPR-Cas plant viruses RNAi ZFN TALEN CRISPR-Cas true false false [N. Drnovšek] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2021-09-08 07:15:44 2021-09-08 07:15:49 2022-09-09 04:13:11 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2021 0 Ljubljana 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 602.6:582.5/.9:632.382(043.2) 195438 75629315 18858.pdf 18858.pdf 1 491D853593D70498499DC80BDFBA99C8 16ea378ad7432e6264a65dc91262280bbd29ad87d1644cb8c870c78d02738473 9584e5f2-1063-11ec-a523-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=146801 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0