20.500.12556/RUL-128469 Evaluating the vulnerability of several geodetic GNSS receivers under chirp signal L1/E1 jamming Understanding the factors that might intentionally influence the reception of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals can be a challenging topic today. The focus of this research is to evaluate the vulnerability of geodetic GNSS receivers under the use of a low-cost L1 GPS band and E1 Galileo frequency band (L1/E1) frequency jammer. A suitable area for testing was established in Slovenia. Nine receivers from different manufacturers were under consideration in this study. While positioning, intentional 3-minute jammings were performed by a jammer that was located statically at different distances from receivers. Furthermore, kinematic disturbances were performed using a jammer placed in a vehicle that passed the testing area at various speeds. An analysis of different scenarios indicated that despite the use of an L1/E1 jammer, the GLONASS (Russian: Globalnaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema) and Galileo signals were also affected, either due to the increased carrier-to-noise-ratio (C/N$_0$) or, in the worst cases, by a loss-of-signal. A jammer could substantially affect the position, either with a lack of any practical solution or even with a wrong position. Maximal errors in the carrier-phase positions, which should be considered a concern for geodesy, differed by a few metres from the exact solution. The factor that completely disabled the signal reception was the proximity of a jammer, regardless of its static or kinematic mode. GNSS jammer geodetic GNSS receivers signal loss carrier-to-noise-ratio GNSS zastoji GNSS sprejemniki signali izgube navigacija satelitska navigacija true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2021-07-14 13:20:48 2021-07-14 13:20:49 2022-09-07 04:15:22 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2020 0 0 25 str. iss. 3, art. 814 Vol. 20 3. feb. 2020 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 528.8 1424-8220 10.3390/s20030814 2963811 RAZ_Bazec_Matej_2020.pdf RAZ_Bazec_Matej_2020.pdf 1 7564EA38CA45120FFB8EE07C73F30FDB 9e6d398fb9b745156c511ebf556fc75c18bafbc0b61d05c316737ddb7ab13df7 a6f5e9ab-e495-11eb-a523-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=145220 https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/3/814 1 6595c36f-e495-11eb-a523-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=145219 Fakulteta za pomorstvo in promet Fakulteta za gradbeništvo in geodezijo 0 0 0