20.500.12556/RUL-117418 Vsebnost ekstraktivov destiliranih vejic iglavcev v žganju Content of extractives from conifer twigs distilled in spirit Raziskali smo vsebnost ekstraktivov vejic navadne smreke (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), navadne jelke (Abies alba Mill.) in rdečega bora (Pinus sylvestris L.) v destilatih (žganju) in v Soxhlet ekstraktih vejic. Vsebnost ekstraktivov smo določali pri vejicah, ki smo jih odvzeli spomladi in jeseni. Za destilacijo smo uporabili surovo žganje iz jabolk, za Soxhletovo ekstrakcijo pa metanol, različno koncentriran etanol in surovo žganje. Surove ekstrakte smo očistili z dietil etrom, da smo ločili nepolarno frakcijo od polarne. Gravimetrično smo v vzorcih izmerili količino celokupnih ekstraktivov. Z UV-Vis spektrofotometrično analizo smo kolorimetrično izmerili vsebnost celokupnih fenolov, s tekočinsko kromatografijo visoke ločljivosti (HPLC) pa vsebnost vitaminov, torej retinola, askorbinske kisline in tokoferola. Rezultati so pokazali, da vejice vseh proučevanih drevesnih vrst vsebujejo več celokupnih ekstraktivov in fenolov jeseni kot spomladi. Vejice smreke so vsebovale največ ekstraktivov, jelove pa najmanj. V destilatih so bile količine ekstraktivov bistveno nižje kot v ekstraktih. HPLC analiza je pokazala, da so vitamini v vejicah iglavcev v večji meri prisotni spomladi. Največ askorbinske kisline so vsebovali smrekovi in borovi vzorci. Retinola je bilo jeseni največ v jelovih, spomladi pa v borovih vzorcih. Tokoferola nismo zaznali v nobenem vzorcu. Dokazali smo, da se z uporabo vejic iglavcev pri žganjekuhi del ekstraktivov drevesnih tkiv predestilira v pitno žganje. The content of extractives of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) twigs was investigated in distillates (spirits) and Soxhlet extracts of twigs. The effect of two growth periods on the amount of extractives was examined. For distillation, we used apple raw spirit, and for Soxhlet extraction methanol, differently concentrated ethanol and raw spirit. The crude extracts were purified with diethyl ether to separate the nonpolar fraction from the polar one. The amount of total extractives was measured gravimetrically in the samples. UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis measured the content of total phenols colorimetrically. The content of vitamins, i.e. retinol, ascorbic acid and tocopherol, was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the twigs of all the studied tree species contain more total extractives and phenols in the autumn than in the spring. Spruce twigs contained the most extractives and firs the least. The quantities of extractives were significantly lower in the distillates than in the extracts. HPLC analysis showed that the vitamins in the conifer twigs are more present in the spring. Most ascorbic acid contained spruce and pine samples. Retinol was highest in firs in autumn and pine in spring. We did not detect tocopherol in any sample. We have shown that by using conifer twigs in spirits, part of the tree tissue extractives is pre-distilled into potable spirits. iglavci žganje ekstraktivi gravimetrija spektrofotometrija kromatografija conifers spirit extractives gravimetry spectrophotometry chromatography true false false [K. Šinkar] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2020-07-10 07:15:08 2020-07-10 07:15:17 2022-08-29 03:43:17 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2020 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 630*813.2 175945 21773827 9437.pdf 9437.pdf 1 5AF83962ABCE5BE9024562A48F9F0D9B 371565b5d79bedca7092f232aad95d966d577d47b790e0f01a6849ce574b1bab 2d50a80a-a1b9-11eb-a523-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=131282 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0