20.500.12556/RUL-117310 Izvor in funkcije krožnih RNA in načini njihove detekcije Origin and functions of circular RNA and their methods of detection Krožne RNA so do nedavnega obravnavali kot stranske napake ali produkte transkripcije. Zanimanje zanje je narastlo z odkritjem njihovega celično specifičnega izražanja v več organizmih. V zadnjih letih so študije dokazale, da so krožne RNA dolge nekodirajoče, endogene, enoverižne molekule, ki so zaprte v kovalentni krog in niso poliadenilirane. V evkariontskih organizmih po zgradbi in nastanku krožne RNA delimo v 3 skupine. To so eksonske, intronske in eksonsko-intronske circRNA. Najbolj raziskan način njihovega nastanka je proces backsplicinga, ki ga regulirajo cis in trans delujoči elementi. Velik vpliv na njihovo izražanje imajo obratne komplementarne sekvence v obdajajočih intronih, ki se povežejo in spodbudijo njihov nastanek. S svojim delovanjem circRNA vplivajo na celično proliferacijo, celični cikel, pluripotentnost in diferenciacijo celic, staranje ter razvoj nekaterih bolezni. Njihov najbolj poznan način delovanja je regulacija izražanja protein kodirajočih genov preko vezave na miRNA. Razlog za njihovo pozno odkritje je morda prav njihova struktura, saj se večina detekcijskih metod osredotoča na zaznavanje poliadeniliranih RNA. Najpogostejši metodi za biokemijsko karakterizacijo circRNA sta kvantitativni RT-PCR in Northern prenos v kombinaciji z encimoma RNAaza R in RNaza H. V porastu pa je razvoj metod, ki temeljijo na bioinformatiki in statistiki in napovedujejo in zaznavajo circRNA iz naborov podatkov RNA-seq. Until recently, circular RNAs were considered as by-products or products of transcription. Interest in them has grown with the discovery of their cell-specific expression in several organisms. In recent years, studies have shown that circular RNAs are long noncoding, endogenous, single-stranded molecules that are enclosed in a covalent circle and are not polyadenylated. In eukaryotic organisms, circular RNA can be divided into 3 groups according to their structure and formation. These are exonic, intronic and exon-intron circRNAs. The most researched way of their formation is the process of backsplicing, which is regulated by cis and trans acting elements. Reverse complementary sequences in the surrounding introns, which bind to each other and stimulate circRNA formation, have a great influence on circRNA expression. CircRNAs affect cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell pluripotency and differentiation, aging, and the development of certain diseases. Their best-known mode of action is regulation of protein-encoding genes expression through binding to miRNAs. Their circular structure may be the reason for the late discovery of circRNAs, as most detection methods focus on the detection of polyadenylated RNAs. The most common methods for biochemical characterization of circRNA are quantitative RT-PCR and Northern transfer in combination with the enzymes RNAase R and RNase H. However, the development of methods based on bioinformatics and statistics that predict and detect circRNA from RNA-seq datasets is on the rise. nekodirajoče RNA krožne RNA miRNA spužve funkcije krožnih RNA identifikacija krožnih RNA non-coding RNA circular RNA miRNA sponges circular RNA functions identification of circular RNA true false false [N. Molk] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2020-07-05 07:16:02 2020-07-05 07:16:06 2022-08-29 03:42:32 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2020 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 601.4:577.213/.214(043.2) 175922 21910531 10319.pdf 10319.pdf 1 B03F79D191E0459905D7F70536895F8C e5bc3580480f4a27ef625cfa7feac3a7f2ea0900a772ea4e4a843533dac8b1d4 262f2a60-a1b9-11eb-a523-00155dcfd717 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=131139 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0